ドクムギ
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- Lolium
WordNet
- darnel; ryegrass (同)genus Lolium
- European grass much used for hay and in United States also for turf and green manure (同)Italian rye, Lolium multiflorum
- European perennial grass widely cultivated for pasture and hay and as a lawn grass (同)English ryegrass, Lolium_perenne
- stout perennial grass of western North America (同)Elymus condensatus, Leymus condensatus
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/05/27 17:31:11」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Ryegrass |
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| Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Commelinids |
| Order: |
Poales |
| Family: |
Poaceae |
| Subfamily: |
Pooideae |
| Genus: |
Lolium
L. |
| Species |
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See text
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008) |
Ryegrass (Lolium) is a genus of nine species of tufted grasses in the Pooideae subfamily of the Poaceae family. They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Also called tares (even though there is no firm evidence that this is the same as the plant given that name in English language translations of the Bible (as in the "Parable of the Tares") - vetches are another candidate), these plants are native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but are widely cultivated and naturalized elsewhere. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n = 14, and are closely related to the fescues Festuca.
Ryegrass should not be confused with rye, which is a grain crop.
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Contents
- 1 Species
- 2 Cultivation and uses
- 3 Synonyms
- 4 References
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Species
The following are accepted as distinct species:
- Lolium canariense Steud. - Canary Islands ryegrass
- Lolium edwardii H.Scholz, Stierst. & Gaisberg
- Lolium multiflorum Lam. - Italian ryegrass
- Lolium perenne L. - Perennial ryegrass
- Lolium persicum - Persian ryegrass or Persian darnel
- Lolium remotum Schrank
- Lolium rigidum Gaudin - Stiff darnel, Wimmera ryegrass
- Lolium temulentum L. - Darnel, poison darnel
Cultivation and uses
Ryegrasses contain some species which are important grasses for both lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. There is a large range of cultivars. The primary species found worldwide and used for both lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Like many cool-season grasses of the family Poaceae, it harbors a symbiotic fungal endophyte, either Epichloë or its close relative Neotyphodium, of which both are of the fungal family Clavicipitaceae[1][2]
Some species, particularly L. temulentum, are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever.
Many grass tennis courts are planted in ryegrass in different compositions, depending on the tournament.
Synonyms
Lolium temulentum (Poison Darnel)
- L. ambiguum = Lolium multiflorum
- L. annuum = Lolium temulentum
- L. arundinaceum = Festuca arundinacea
- L. berteronianum = Lolium temulentum
- L. brasilianum = Lolium perenne
- L. canadense = Lolium perenne
- L. crassiculme = Lolium rigidum
- L. cuneatum = Lolium temulentum
- L. dorei = Lolium persicum
- L. giganteum = Festuca gigantea
- L. gracile = Lolium temulentum
- L. lepturoides = Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides
- L. marschallii = Lolium perenne
- L. parabolicae = Lolium rigidum
- L. pratense = Festuca pratensis
- L. remotum = Lolium temulentum subsp. remotum
- L. romanum = Lolium multiflorum
- L. scabrum = Lolium multiflorum
- L. siculum = Lolium multiflorum
- L. subulatum = Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides
- L. teres = Lolium rigidum subsp. lepturoides
- L. trabutii = Lolium rigidum
References
- ^ Schardl CL, Leuchtmann A, Spiering MJ (2004). "Symbioses of grasses with seedborne fungal endophytes". Annu Rev Plant Biol 55: 315–340. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141735. PMID 15377223.
- ^ Cheplick GP (2011). "Endosymbiosis and population differentiation in wild and cultivated Lolium perenne (Poaceae)". American Journal of Botany. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000226. PMID 21613060.
English Journal
- An improved method for quantitative analysis of total fructans in plant tissues.
- Liu Z, Mouradov A, Smith KF, Spangenberg G.SourceDepartment of Primary Industries, Biosciences Research Division, Victorian AgriBiosciences Centre, 1 Park Drive, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia; Molecular Plant Breeding Co-operative Research Centre and Dairy Futures Co-operative Research Centre, 1 Park Drive, Bundoora, Vic. 3083, Australia.
- Analytical biochemistry.Anal Biochem.2011 Nov 15;418(2):253-9. Epub 2011 Aug 9.
- Current methods for measuring fructan levels in plant tissues are time-consuming and costly. They often involve multiple or sequential extractions, enzymatic or acid hydrolysis of fructan polymers, and multiple HPLC runs to quantify fructan-derived hexoses. Here we describe a new method that require
- PMID 21867673
- Glutathione peroxidases in Lolium multiflorum and Festuca arundinacea: Activity, susceptibility to herbicides and characteristics.
- Del Buono D, Ioli G, Scarponi L.SourceDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. delbuono@unipg.it
- Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes.J Environ Sci Health B.2011 Nov-Dec;46(8):715-22.
- To evidence a possible mechanism of defense toward oxidative stress induced by herbicides in plants, an investigation was carried on the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and in Festuca (Festuca arundinacea) in response to atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'
- PMID 21867410
Japanese Journal
- Biological efficacy of pyroxasulfone against rigid ryegrass in wheat(Activity (Including Controling Efficacy, Use in Field, etc.),Poster,1) Pest Management, Crop Protection and Vector Control)
- イタリアンライグラス(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)とトールフェスク(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)の高Mg系統の消化性関連形質
- 内海 祥治,喬 玉梅,雑賀 優
- 日本草地学会誌 56(4), 260-266, 2011-01-15
- 牧草にとって消化性は家畜生産性と関連する最も重要な形質の一つである。グラステタニー症発生の危険性を低下させるために育成された高Mg系統のイタリアンライグラス(Magnet)とトールフェスク(HiMag)について,消化性を酵素分析法によって評価し,Mg含有率を高める方向への選抜が消化性にどのような影響を及ぼしているかを確認した。刈取り方法は年4回刈りとし,イタリアンライグラスは2003年の1年間,ト …
- NAID 110008460664
Related Links
- Ryegrass (Lolium) is a genus of nine species of tufted grasses in the Pooideae subfamily of the Poaceae family. Also called tares (even though there is no firm evidence that this is the same as the plant given that name in English language ...
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