Gnomonia Lunell 1915, illegitimate homonym not Ces. & De Not. 1863 (a fungus in Gnomoniaceae)
Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family.[2][3] It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera.
They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n = 14, and are closely related to the fescues (Festuca).[4][5][6][7]
Ryegrass should not be confused with rye, which is a grain crop.
poison darnel (Lolium temulentum)
Species[1][8]
Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to Himalayas + Xinjiang; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands
Lolium multiflorum Lam. - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to Himalayas; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands
Lolium perenne L. - perennial ryegrass - Eurasia + North Africa from Azores to Kashmir; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands
Lolium persicum Boiss. & Hohen. - Persian ryegrass or Persian darnel - from Socotra to China; naturalized in scattered locations in USA + Canada
Lolium pratense (Huds.) Darbysh. - Eurasia + North Africa from Iceland + Azores to Kashmir + Yakutia; naturalized in East Asia, Australia, North + South America, various islands
Lolium remotum Schrank - Indian Subcontinent; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Europe + northern Asia
Lolium rigidum Gaudin - stiff darnel, Wimmera ryegrass, annual ryegrass - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to China; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Australia + Americas
Lolium temulentum L. - Darnel, poison darnel - Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to China; sparingly naturalized in scattered locations in Australia + Americas
Formerly included[1]
Several species now regarded as better suited to other genera: Castellia Enteropogon Festulolium Hainardia Lepturus Melica Vulpia
Lolium bromoides - Vulpia bromoides
Lolium canadense Michx. ex Roem. & Schult. 1817 not Bernh. ex Rouville 1853 - Melica mutica
Lolium contains some species which are important grasses for lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. There is a large range of cultivars. The primary species found worldwide and used for both lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Like many cool-season grasses of the Poaceae, it harbors a symbiotic fungal endophyte, either Epichloë or its close relative Neotyphodium, both of which are members of the fungal family Clavicipitaceae.[9][10]
Some species, particularly L. temulentum, are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever. Tennis courts, including those at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, the venue for Wimbledon, are sometimes planted in ryegrass mixes, depending on the tournament.[citation needed]
Glyphosate-resistant Lolium has been reported from Mississippi in 2006.[11]
References
^ abcKew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 83 in Latin
^Tropicos, Lolium L.
^Flora Europaea: Lolium
^Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 243 黑麦草属 hei mai cao shu Lolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753.
^Flora of Pakistan, Lolium Linn.
^Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Lolium
^The Plant List search for Lolium
^Schardl CL, Leuchtmann A, Spiering MJ (2004). "Symbioses of grasses with seedborne fungal endophytes". Annu Rev Plant Biol. 55: 315–340. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141735. PMID 15377223.
^Cheplick GP (2011). "Endosymbiosis and population differentiation in wild and cultivated Lolium perenne (Poaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 98 (5): 829–38. doi:10.3732/ajb.1000226. PMID 21613060.
^Nandula VK, Poston DH, Eubank TW, Koger CH and Reddy KN, Differential response to glyphosate in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) populations from Mississippi. Weed Tech 21: 477–482 (2006).doi 10.1614/WT-06-168.1
External links
Flora Europaea: Lolium
Taxon identifiers
Wikidata: Q158509
Wikispecies: Lolium
APDB: 192231
APNI: 110937
BioLib: 42403
EoL: 108090
EPPO: 1LOLG
FloraBase: 21030
FoC: 118826
GBIF: 2706217
GrassBase: gen00353
GRIN: 6936
iNaturalist: 52800
IPA: 10543
IRMNG: 1014924
ITIS: 40891
NBN: NHMSYS0000460424
NCBI: 4520
NZOR: d0a6dff6-c543-49c9-8347-564b3497130f
PLANTS: LOLIU
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:18423-1
Tropicos: 40008295
VASCAN: 1365
VicFlora: 417fec75-0d2c-456f-aa3c-b7917578cf9b
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
Ryegrass cv. Lema and guava cv. Paluma biomonitoring suitability for estimating nutritional contamination risks under seasonal climate in Southeastern Brazil.
Bulbovas P1, Camargo CZ2, Domingos M2.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2015 Aug;118:149-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.024. Epub 2015 May 4.
The risks posed by nutrient deposition due to air pollution on ecosystems and their respective services to human beings can be appropriately estimated by bioindicator plants when they are well acclimated to the study region environmental conditions. This assumption encouraged us to comparatively eva
BACKGROUND: Lolium rigidum (annual ryegrass) is a widespread annual crop weed that has evolved high levels of resistance to selective herbicides. Anecdotal evidence suggests that intensive cropping also leads to higher seed dormancy in L. rigidum. This was quantified by measuring dormancy levels in
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950).J Immunol.2015 Jun 3. pii: 1500452. [Epub ahead of print]
Olive (Olea europaea) pollen constitutes one of the most important allergen sources in the Mediterranean countries and some areas of the United States, South Africa, and Australia. Recently, we provided evidence that olive pollen releases nanovesicles of respirable size, named generically pollensome
… On the basis of toxin production and a phylogenetic tree based on the rDNA-ITS sequence of the isolates, the fungi isolated from plants in the grass genera Lolium, Erichloa, Panicum and Setaria were identified as Pyricularia oryzae, but are unlikely to serve as inoculum to cause rice blast disease. …
What Is The Meaning Of Genus Lolium? Dictionary.com Word FAQs Dictionary.com presents 366 FAQs, incorporating some of the frequently asked questions from the past with newer queries. Differences Etymology/Origins ...
Baldwin JC, Dombrowski JE (2006) Evaluation of Lolium temulentum as a model grass species for the study of salinity stress by PCR-based subtractive suppression hybridization analysis. Plant Sci 171:459–469 CrossRef Baldwin ...