WordNet

characterized by disorderly action and disregard for rules; "a rough-and-tumble fight"; "rough-and-tumble politics"; "undisguised bare-knuckle capitalism" (同)bare-knuckle, bare-knuckled
of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped
the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short
causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements; "a rough ride" (同)rocky, bumpy, jolty, jolting, jumpy
having or caused by an irregular surface; "trees with rough bark"; "rough ground"; "rough skin"; "rough blankets"; "his unsmooth face" (同)unsmooth
(of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse; "she was a diamond in the rough"; "rough manners"
not perfected; "a rough draft"; "a few rough sketches"
throw together in a confused mass; "They tumbled the teams with no apparent pattern"
do gymnastics, roll and turn skillfully
put clothes in a tumbling barrel, where they are whirled about in hot air, usually with the purpose of drying; "Wash in warm water and tumble dry"
suffer a sudden downfall, overthrow, or defeat
an acrobatic feat of rolling or turning end over end
fall down, as if collapsing; "The tower of the World Trade Center tumbled after the plane hit it" (同)topple
fall suddenly and sharply; "Prices tumbled after the devaluation of the currency"
roll over and over, back and forth

PrepTutorEJDIC

無鉄砲な,めちゃくちゃな,無謀な
(表面が)『粗い』,ざらざらした,きめの粗い・でこぼこの / (動きなどが)『荒っぽい』;(空・海などが)荒れた / (人・態度などが)『粗野な』,荒々しい,無作法な / 『おおよその』,あらましの / (ダイヤモンドなど)自然のままの,未加工の / 《話》困難な,つらい,ひどい;(…に)ひどい,むごい《+『on』+『名』》 / (生活が)非文化的な,不便な / 毛深い,毛むくじゃらの,毛が刈ってない / …‘を'乱暴(手荒)に扱う《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈計画・作品など〉‘の'概略を書く,‘を'ざっと下書きする《+『in』(『out』)+『名,』+『名』+『in』(『out』)》 / 〈物の表面など〉‘を'ざらざらにする / 手荒く,乱暴に / 〈U〉《the rough》ラフ(ゴルフのコースで芝をはったフェアウェイ以外の部分) / 〈C〉乱暴者
《状態・方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》『ころがる』,倒れる / ころげ回る,のたうち回る《+about》 / 《状態・方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》ころがるようにして行く(来る) / くずれ落ちる,崩壊する《+down》 / (体操)とんぼ返りを打つ,くるくる回転する / 〈価格が〉急落する / 《状態・方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》…‘を'ほうり投げる / …‘を'めちゃくちゃにする / 〈C〉転倒,転落 / 〈U〉《しばしば A ~》混乱,乱雑ごちゃごちゃ / 〈C〉とんぼ返り
《語・句・節を対等に結んで》…『と』…,…や…,および / 《数詞を結合して》…『足す』…,…に加えて / …『しかも』…,…して,同時に… / 《時間的に》『そして』,それから,すると(and then) / 《当然の帰結として》…『ので』,…だから(and so) / 《おもに話》《命令文などの後で》『そうすれば』,そうしたら / 《追加・強調して》それに,しかも / 《対照的な内容を導いて》ところが,しかし(but) / 《譲歩的に》それなのに,それでいながら / 《A and Bで一体の関係を表して》《単数扱い》 / 《同一語を反復して多数・継続などを表して》 / 《同一の複数名詞を結合して変化・種類などを表して》 / 《話》《「形容詞+and+形容詞」の形で前の形容詞が後に副詞的に働く》 / 《話》《「動詞come, goなど+and+動詞」の形でandとその後の動詞が不定詞の働きをして》 / 《「動詞+and+動詞」の形で後の動詞が現在分詞の意を表して》 / 《話》《文頭において前の質問・意見などに同意を示して》そうとも,そして(Yes!and) / 《話》《文頭に置いて驚き・疑念・非難などを表して》ほんとうに;…なのに
(次にくる語の発音が母音で始まるときに用いる) / (子音[h]で始まり第1音節に強勢のない語の場合はanを用いることがある.ただし,この場合は[h]を発音しない)
宙返り,空中回転

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における嗄声：評価hoarseness in children evaluation [show details]
…describe a change in the quality of the voice. The voice quality can be breathy, strained, fatigued, rough, tremulous, or weak. It may have a change in pitch or abnormal resonance. The prevalence of hoarseness …
2. 小腸出血が疑われる（旧名：原因不明消化管出血）ときの評価evaluation of suspected small bowel bleeding formerly obscure gastrointestinal bleeding [show details]
…single pass. This happens because the capsule does not pursue an axial path; rather, it is known to tumble quite frequently and is unable to see behind folds of the small intestine. Our approach is to repeat…
3. カルチノイド症候群の臨床的特徴clinical features of carcinoid syndrome [show details]
…decreased protein synthesis and hypoalbuminemia, with or without the clinical manifestations of pellagra (rough scaly skin, glossitis, angular stomatitis, and mental confusion) . Tumor production of serotonin …
4. 非結核性抗酸菌感染症の病因pathogenesis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections [show details]
…infection by smooth M. abscessus, whereas rough variants persisted and propagated in the intracellular phagosome . Clinical and epidemiologic data also associate rough variants with more severe and persistent …
5. 成人における偶発性低体温accidental hypothermia in adults [show details]
…response to hypothermia varies widely among patients, any clinical staging system can only provide a rough estimate of severity . Cold stressed (not hypothermic): Normal mental status with shivering. Functioning …

English Journal

Organizational and activational androgens, lemur social play, and the ontogeny of female dominance.

Grebe NM, Fitzpatrick C, Sharrock K, Starling A, Drea CM.
Hormones and behavior. 2019 Jul;().
The role of androgens in shaping "masculine" traits in males is a core focus in behavioral endocrinology, but relatively little is known about an androgenic role in female aggression and social dominance. In mammalian models of female dominance, including the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), links t
PMID 31276664

Odour conditioning of positive affective states: Rats can learn to associate an odour with being tickled.

Bombail V, Jerôme N, Lam H, Muszlak S, Meddle SL, Lawrence AB, Nielsen BL.
PloS one. 2019 ;14(6)e0212829.
Most associative learning tests in rodents use negative stimuli, such as electric shocks. We investigated if young rats can learn to associate the presence of an odour with the experience of being tickled (i.e. using an experimenter's hand to mimic rough-and-tumble play), shown to elicit 50 kHz ultr
PMID 31188832

Basal ganglia involvement in the playfulness of juvenile rats.

, S S, S S, S S, h h, .
Journal of neuroscience research. 2019 Jun;().
Play is an important part of normal childhood development and can be readily studied in the laboratory rat in the form of rough-and-tumble play. Given the robust nature of rough-and-tumble play, it has often been assumed that the basal ganglia would have a prominent role in modulating this behavior.
PMID 31165503