WordNet
- (mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body; "every action has an equal and opposite reaction"
- a response that reveals a persons feelings or attitude; "he was pleased by the audiences reaction to his performance"; "John feared his mothers reaction when she saw the broken lamp"
- a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent; "a bad reaction to the medicine"; "his responses have slowed with age" (同)response
- doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you dont like; "his style of painting was a reaction against cubism"
- an idea evoked by some experience; "his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do"
- extreme conservatism in political or social matters; "the forces of reaction carried the election"
- capable of reversing or being reversed; "reversible hypertension"
- a garment (especially a coat) that can be worn inside out (with either side of the cloth showing)
- capable of being reversed or used with either side out; "a reversible jacket" (同)two-sided
- capable of assuming or producing either of two states; "a reversible chemical reaction"; "a reversible cell"
- capable of being reversed; "a reversible decision is one that can be appealed or vacated"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- {名}(…に対する)『反応』《+『to』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(…に対する)(政治的・社会的な)『反動』,逆コース《+『against』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉化学反応,化学変化 / 〈U〉〈C〉(物理学で)反作用
- 逆にできる / 裏返される,両面が使える / 裏返しても使える衣服
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/09/12 01:28:39」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products. For a reaction involving two reactants and two products this can be expressed symbolically as
-
A and B can react to form C and D or, in the reverse reaction, C and D can react to form A and B. This is distinct from reversible process in thermodynamics.
Weak acids and bases undertake reversible reactions. For example, carbonic acid: H2CO3 (l) + H2O(l) ⇌ HCO−3 (aq) + H3O+(aq).
The concentrations of reactants and products in an equilibrium mixture are determined by the analytical concentrations of the reagents (A and B or C and D) and the equilibrium constant, K. The magnitude of the equilibrium constant depends on the Gibbs free energy change for the reaction.[1] So, when the free energy change is large (more than about 30 kJ mol−1), then the equilibrium constant is large (log K > 3) and the concentrations of the reactants at equilibrium are very small. Such a reaction is sometimes considered to be an irreversible reaction, although in reality small amounts of the reactants are still expected to be present in the reacting system. A truly irreversible chemical reaction is usually achieved when one of the products exits the reacting system, for example, as does carbon dioxide (volatile) in the reaction
- Ca CO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2↑
History
The concept of a reversible reaction was introduced by Berthollet in 1803, after he had observed the formation of sodium carbonate crystals at the edge of a salt lake[2] (one of the natron lakes in Egypt, in limestone):
- 2NaCl + CaCO3 → Na2CO3 + CaCl2
He recognized this as the reverse of the familiar reaction
- Na2CO3 + CaCl2→ 2NaCl + CaCO3
Until then, chemical reactions were thought to always proceed in one direction. Berthollet reasoned that the excess of salt in the lake helped push the "reverse" reaction towards the formation of sodium carbonate.[3]
In 1864, Waage and Guldberg formulated their law of mass action which quantified Berthollet's observation. Between 1884 and 1888, Le Chatelier and Braun formulated Le Chatelier's principle, which extended the same idea to a more general statement on the effects of factors other than concentration on the position of the equilibrium.
See also
- Dynamic equilibrium
- Chemical equilibrium
- Irreversibility
- Microscopic reversibility
- static equilibrium
References
- ^ at constant pressure.
- ^ How did Napoleon Bonaparte help discover reversible reactions?. Chem1 General Chemistry Virtual Textbook: Chemical Equilibrium Introduction: reactions that go both ways.
- ^ Claude-Louis Berthollet,"Essai de statique chimique", Paris, 1803. (Google books)
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Kinetic evaluation of the inhibition of protein glycation during heating.
- Akıllıoğlu HG1, Gökmen V2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Apr 1;196:1117-24. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.066. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
- This study aimed to investigate the kinetics of early stage of the Maillard reaction by a reversible bimolecular reaction mechanism and also to evaluate the compatibility of enzyme inhibition kinetics for calculating the inhibitory activity of protein anti-glycation agents. Model systems composed of
- PMID 26593596
- Enhancement of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance polymer based biosensor chips using well-defined glycopolymers for lectin detection.
- Jin Y1, Wong KH1, Granville AM2.
- Journal of colloid and interface science.J Colloid Interface Sci.2016 Jan 15;462:19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.047. Epub 2015 Sep 21.
- Poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer based Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance biosensor chips were successfully fabricated using glycopolymer brushes carrying glucose moieties for the detection of concanavalin A. Poly(pentafluorostyrene), with pre-determined polymer chain lengths, were synthesized via
- PMID 26433474
- A reversible fluorescence probe for detection of ClO(-)/AA redox cycle in aqueous solution and in living cells.
- Wang J1, Ni Y1, Shao S2.
- Talanta.Talanta.2016 Jan 15;147:468-72. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.026. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
- Based on the reversible redox reaction of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-ol with oxidative ClO(-) and reductive ascorbic acid (AA), a reversible fluorescent probe, incorporating 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-ol group into a 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) fluorophore, was synthesized
- PMID 26592634
Japanese Journal
- 気液可逆反応を利用したガス圧アクチュエータ (特集 柔軟構造のフルードパワーアクチュエータ)
- フルードパワーシステム = Journal of the Japan Fluid Power System Society : 日本フルードパワーシステム学会誌 48(1), 21-25, 2017-01
- NAID 40021056078
- Fabrication of a nitrogen-doping carbon-based catalyst towards oxygen reduction reaction using ammonia as a single nitrogen source
- Kinetics of NADP+/NADPH reduction–oxidation catalyzed by the ferredoxin-NAD(P)+ reductase from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum
Related Links
- A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that results in an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products. For a reaction involving two reactants and two products this can be expressed symbolically as A and B can react to form C ...
- a reaction that, depending on ambient conditions, can proceed in either of two directions: the production of the reaction products from the reactants, or the production of the original reactants from the formed reaction products.
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- reversibility、reversibly
[★]
- 関
- react、respond、response、responsive