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tell a relatively insignificant lie; "Fibbing is not acceptable, even if you dont call it lying"
a trivial lie; "he told a fib about eating his spinach"; "how can I stop my child from telling stories?" (同)story, tale, tarradiddle, taradiddle
a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn (同)fibre
a leatherlike material made by compressing layers of paper or cloth (同)fibre, vulcanized fiber
any of several elongated, threadlike cells (especially a muscle fiber or a nerve fiber) (同)fibre

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(ささいな,罪のない)うそ / 軽いうそをつく

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/09/01 05:29:05」(JST)

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A liver biopsy stained with a reticulin stain demonstrating a normal hepatic plate thickness and mild steatosis.

Reticular fibers, reticular fibres or reticulin is a type of fiber in connective tissue^[1] composed of type III collagen secreted by reticular cells.^[2] Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulin). This network acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver, bone marrow, and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system.^[3]

History

The term reticulin was coined in 1892 by M. Siegfried.^[4]

Today, the term reticulin or reticular fiber is restricted to referring to fibers composed of type III collagen. However, during the pre-molecular era, there was confusion in the use of the term 'reticulin', which was used to describe two structures:

the argyrophilic (silver staining) fibrous structures present in basement membranes
histologically similar fibers present in developing connective tissue.^[5]

The history of the reticulin silver stain is reviewed by Puchtler et al. (1978).^[6] The abstract of this paper says:

Maresch (1905) introduced Bielschowsky's silver impregnation technic for neurofibrils as a stain for reticulum fibers, but emphasized the nonspecificity of such procedures. This lack of specificity has been confirmed repeatedly. Yet, since the 1920s the definition of "reticulin" and studies of its distribution were based solely on silver impregnation technics. The chemical mechanism and specificity of this group of stains is obscure. Application of Gömöri's and Wilder's methods to human tissues showed variations of staining patterns with the fixatives and technics employed. Besides reticulum fibers, various other tissue structures, e.g. I bands of striated muscle, fibers in nervous tissues, and model substances, e.g. polysaccharides, egg white, gliadin, were also stained. Deposition of silver compounds on reticulum fibers was limited to an easily removable substance; the remaining collagen component did not bind silver. These histochemical studies indicate that silver impregnation technics for reticulum fibers have no chemical significance and cannot be considered as histochemical technics for "reticulin" or type III collagen.

Structure

Reticular fiber is composed of one or more types of very thin and delicately woven strands of type III collagen. These strands build a highly ordered cellular network and provide a supporting network. Many of these types of collagen have been combined with carbohydrate. Thus, they react with silver stains and with periodic acid-Schiff reagent but are not demonstrated with ordinary histological stains such as those using hematoxylin. The 1953 Science article mentioned above concluded that the reticular and regular collagenous materials contains the same four sugars – galactose, glucose, mannose, and fucose – but in a much greater concentration in the reticular than in the collagenous material.

In a 1993 paper, the reticular fibers of the capillary sheath and splenic cord were studied and compared in the pig spleen by transmission electron microscopy.^[7] This paper attempted to reveal their components and the presence of sialic acid in the amorphous ground substance. Collagen fibrils, elastic fibers, microfibrils, nerve fibers, and smooth muscle cells were observed in the reticular fibers of the splenic cord. On the other hand, only microfibrils were recognized in the reticular fibers of the capillary sheath. The binding of LFA lectin to the splenic cord was stronger than the capillary sheath. These findings suggested that the reticular fibers of the splenic cord include multiple functional elements and might perform an important role during contraction or dilation of the spleen. On the other hand, the reticular fiber of the capillary sheath resembled the basement membrane of the capillary in its components.

Because of their affinity for silver salts, these fibers are called argyrophilic.

References

^ "reticular fibers" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Strum, Judy M.; Gartner, Leslie P.; Hiatt, James L. (2007). Cell biology and histology. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 83. ISBN 0-7817-8577-4.
^ Burkitt, H. George; Young, Barbara; Heath, John W.; Wheater, Paul R. (1993). Wheater's Functional Histology (3rd ed.). New York: Churchill Livinstone. p. 62. ISBN 0-443-04691-3.
^ Siegfried, M. (1892). Habilitationsschrift. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus. Cited in Glegg, R. E.; Eidinger, D.; Leblond, C. P. (1953). "Some Carbohydrate Components of Reticular Fibers". Science. 118 (3073): 614–6. Bibcode:1953Sci...118..614G. PMID 13113200. doi:10.1126/science.118.3073.614.
^ Jackson, D. S.; Williams, G. (1956). "Nature of Reticulin". Nature. 178 (4539): 915–6. Bibcode:1956Natur.178..915J. PMID 13369574. doi:10.1038/178915b0.
^ Puchtler, Holde; Waldrop, Faye Sweat (1978). "Silver impregnation methods for reticulum fibers and reticulin: A re-investigation of their origins and specifity". Histochemistry. 57 (3): 177–87. PMID 711512. doi:10.1007/BF00492078.
^ Miyata, Hiroto; Abe, Mitsuo; Takehana, Kazushige; Iwasa, Kenji; Hiraga, Takeo (1993). "Electron Microscopic Studies on Reticular Fibers in the Pig Sheathed Artery and Splenic Cords". The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 55 (5): 821–7. PMID 8286537. doi:10.1292/jvms.55.821.

External links

Reticulin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
MedEd at Loyola Histo/practical/stains/hp2-55.html

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English Journal

The use of special stains in liver biopsy interpretation: Implications for the management of liver disease in Nigeria.

Orah N1, Rotimi O2, Abdulkareem FB1.
Nigerian journal of clinical practice.Niger J Clin Pract.2016 Jul-Aug;19(4):523-9. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.183309.
CONTEXT: The evaluation of a liver biopsy requires the use of stains other than routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) to highlight many important features.AIMS: Most Nigerian Histopathology Departments do not routinely perform special stains (personal communication by authors). This study aims to
PMID 27251972

Mapping the Ca(2+) induced structural change in calreticulin.

Boelt SG1, Norn C2, Rasmussen MI3, André I2, Čiplys E4, Slibinskas R4, Houen G1, Højrup P5.
Journal of proteomics.J Proteomics.2016 Jun 16;142:138-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.015. Epub 2016 May 16.
Calreticulin is a highly conserved multifunctional protein implicated in many different biological systems and has therefore been the subject of intensive research. It is primarily present in the endoplasmatic reticulum where its main functions are to regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis, act as a chaperone
PMID 27195812

Isotropic Versus Bipolar Functionalized Biomimetic Artificial Basement Membranes and Their Evaluation in Long-Term Human Cell Co-Culture.

Rossi A1,2, Wistlich L2, Heffels KH2, Walles H1, Groll J2.
Advanced healthcare materials.Adv Healthc Mater.2016 Jun 10. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201600224. [Epub ahead of print]
In addition to dividing tissues into compartments, basement membranes are crucial as cell substrates and to regulate cellular behavior. The development of artificial basement membranes is indispensable for the ultimate formation of functional engineered tissues; however, pose a challenge due to thei
PMID 27283510

Japanese Journal

タツナミガイ体壁網状筋の興奮収縮連関と収縮-弛緩に伴う細胞内Ca動態に関する生理学および細胞化学的研究

川村秀二,田原聖一,今井政直 [他]
神奈川大学理学誌 20(1), 65-76, 2009
… To clarify the excitation-contraction coupling and the intracellular Ca movementduring the contraction-relaxation cycle in a molluscan smooth muscle, the reticular bodywall muscle (RBWM) of Dolabella auricularia, physiological experiments on the mechanicalresponse, ultrastructural observations and Ca cytochemistry using the pyroantimonate(PA) method were carried out. …
NAID 120002114209

The Role of Actin-Binding Protein Filamin A in Cellular Stiffness and Morphology Studied by Wide-Range Scanning Probe Microscopy

Kato Kosaku,Ohmori Yukiko,Mizutani Takeomi [他],Haga Hisashi,Ohashi Kazuyo,Ito Tadanao,Kawabata Kazushige
Jpn J Appl Phys 45(3B), 2328-2332, 2006-03-30
… On the other hand, the reticular structures observed in M2 cells did not correspond to actin filaments. …
NAID 150000046700