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a measuring instrument for recording the depth and rapidity of breathing movements

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/18 00:22:08」(JST)

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A respirometer is a device used to measure the rate of respiration of a living organism by measuring its rate of exchange of oxygen and/or carbon dioxide. They allow investigation into how factors such as age, chemicals or the effect of light affect the rate of respiration. Respirometers are designed to measure respiration either on the level of a whole animal (plant) or on the cellular level. These fields are covered by whole animal and cellular (or mitochondrial) respirometry, respectively.

A simple whole plant respirometer designed to measure oxygen uptake or CO₂ release consists of a sealed container with the living specimen together with a substance to absorb the carbon dioxide given off during respiration, such as soda lime pellets or cotton wads soaked with potassium hydroxide. The oxygen uptake is detected by manometry. Typically, a U-tube manometer is used, which directly shows the pressure difference between the container and the atmosphere. As an organism takes up O₂, it generates a proportionate quantity of CO₂ (see respiratory quotient), but all the CO₂ is absorbed by the soda lime. Therefore all of the drop of pressure in the chamber can be attributed to the drop of O₂ partial pressure in the container. The rate of change gives a direct and reasonably accurate reading for the organism's rate of respiration.

As changes in temperature or pressure can also affect the displacement of the manometric fluid, a second respirometer identical to the first except with a dead specimen (or something with the same mass as the specimen in place of the organism) is sometimes set up. Subtracting the displacement of the second respirometer from the first allows for control of these factors.

The set up of modern respirometers is described in more detail under respirometry. A Respirometer may also be called an oxygraph. Suppliers for whole animal respirometers are e.g. Sable Systems, Qubit Systems, or Challenge Technology; for mitochondrial respirometers Oroboros Instruments, Hansatech Instruments, or YSI.

English Journal

The role of p38 in mitochondrial respiration in male and female mice.

Ju X, Wen Y, Metzger D, Jung M.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.
Neuroscience letters.Neurosci Lett.2013 Jun 7;544:152-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.04.004. Epub 2013 Apr 17.
p38 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase and mediates cell growth, cell differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which p38 plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial respiration in male and female mice under a normal condition. To achieve this aim
PMID 23603578

Finding the best estimates of metabolic rates in a coral reef fish.

Roche DG, Binning SA, Bosiger Y, Johansen JL, Rummer JL.SourceAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2013 Jun 1;216(Pt 11):2103-10. doi: 10.1242/jeb.082925. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Metabolic rates of aquatic organisms are estimated from measurements of oxygen consumption rates ( ) through swimming and resting respirometry. These distinct approaches are increasingly used in ecophysiology and conservation physiology studies; however, few studies have tested whether they yield co
PMID 23470659

Heart rate responses to temperature in free-swimming Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).

Clark TD, Farwell CJ, Rodriguez LE, Brandt WT, Block BA.SourceAustralian Institute of Marine Science;
The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2013 May 9. [Epub ahead of print]
The bluefin tuna heart remains at ambient water temperature (Ta) but must supply blood to warm regions of the body served by countercurrent vascular heat exchangers. Despite this unusual physiology, inherent difficulties have precluded an understanding of the cardiovascular responses to Ta in free-s
PMID 23661777