For other uses, see Reprise (disambiguation).
In music, a reprise ( rə-PREEZ)[1] is the repetition or reiteration of the opening material later in a composition as occurs in the recapitulation of sonata form, though—originally in the 18th century—was simply any repeated section, such as is indicated by beginning and ending repeat signs.[2]
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Contents
- 1 Song reprises
- 1.1 Examples of song reprises in music albums
- 1.2 Music theater
- 2 In literature
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Song reprises
Reprise can refer to a version of a song which is similar to, yet different from, the song on which it is based.[citation needed] One example could be "Time", the fourth song from Pink Floyd's 1973 album The Dark Side of the Moon, which contains a reprise of "Breathe", the second song of the same album.
Examples of song reprises in music albums
- The Beatles - Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
- Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
- Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)
- Genesis - Selling England by the Pound
- Dancing With the Moonlit Knight
- Pink Floyd - The Wall
- Massive Attack - Mezzanine
- David Bowie - Diamond Dogs
- Oasis - Be Here Now
- All Around the World
- All Around the World (Reprise)
- Prince - Graffiti Bridge
- New Power Generation
- New Power Generation (Pt. II)
- The Prodigy - Invaders Must Die
- Queen - Made In Heaven
- It's A Beautiful Day
- It's A Beautiful Day (Reprise)
- Queen + Paul Rodgers - The Cosmos Rocks
- Elbow - Build a Rocket Boys!
- Anastacia - Freak Of Nature
- Overdue Goodbye
- Overdue Goodbye (Reprise)
- Midlake - Antiphon
- OM - Pilgrimage
- Suzanne Vega - Solitude Standing
- Groove Armada - Soundboy Rock
- "What's Your Version?"
- "What's Your Version?" (Reprise)
- Sublime - Sublime
- Aladdin (1992 Disney film)
- Heart - Dreamboat Annie
- Dreamboat Annie (Fantasy Child)
- Dreamboat Annie
- Dreamboat Annie (Reprise)
- Eagles
- Various artists - Lost Highway (soundtrack)
- David Bowie - I'm Deranged
- David Bowie - I'm Deranged (Reprise)
- Periphery - Juggernaut Alpha and Omega
- A Black Minute (Original)
Music theater
In musical theatre, reprises are any repetition of an earlier song or theme, usually with changed lyrics and shortened music to reflect the development of the story. Also, it is common for songs sung by the same character or regarding the same narrative motif to have similar tunes and lyrics, or incorporate similar tunes and lyrics. For example, in the stage version of Les Misérables, a song of the primary antagonist ("Javert's Suicide") is similar in lyrics and exactly the same in tune to a soliloquy of the protagonist when he was in a similar emotional state ("What Have I Done?"). At the end of the song, an instrumental portion is played from an earlier soliloquy of the antagonist, in which he was significantly more confident. Les Misérables in general reprises many musical themes.[citation needed]
Often the reprised version of a song has exactly the same tune and lyrics as the original, though frequently featuring different characters singing or including them with the original character in the reprised version. For example, in The Sound of Music, the reprise of the title song is sung by the Von Trapp children and their father, the Captain; whereas the original was sung by Maria. In "Edelweiss" (reprise), the entire Von Trapp family and Maria sing and are later joined by the audience, whereas the original features Liesl and the Captain.[citation needed]
Also, in the musical The Music Man, the love song "Goodnight My Someone" uses the same basic melody (though with a more ballad quality to it) as the rousing march and theme song "Seventy-Six Trombones"; in the reprised versions, Harold and Marian are heard singing a snatch of each other's songs.[citation needed] And in Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II's Show Boat, the song "Ol' Man River" is reprised three times after it is first sung, as if it were a commentary on the situation in the story.[citation needed] In some musicals, a reprise of an earlier song is sung by a different character from the one who originally sang it, with different lyrics.
In Mamma Mia!, however, the reprises for the title track, Dancing Queen, and Waterloo have no altering of the lyrics, and are just shortened versions of the originals featured earlier.
In literature
In postmodernism, the term reprise has been borrowed from musical terminology to be used in literary criticism by Christian Moraru:
....with postmodern authors or scriptors, representation-as-repetition challenges representation-as-origination. They set forth the alternate model of an esthétique du recyclage [aesthetic recycling] ... Anything but "neoclassical" or humbly imitative, driven by a complex cultural-aesthetic agenda, this model plays upon discriminate and polemical "repetition," upon a critical reprise, to borrow—or reprise, in my turn—a term from music and adapt it to underscore the strategic difference toward which postmodernism's repetitive acts are frequently geared....postmodernism's self-acknowledged reprises ever so often surprise us with their unexpected plot twists, media mixes, and oder deflections, inflections, and irreverent revisions, both textual and contextual, sociocultural.
- Christian Moraru[3]
From the postmodern perspective, reprise is a fundamental device in the whole history of art.
See also
- Cover version, a new version of a song originated by a different artist.
References
- ^ Merriam-Webster Pronunciation
- ^ Stein, Deborah (2005). Engaging Music: Essays in Music Analysis, Glossary, p.331. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517010-5.
- ^ Moraru, Christian (2005) Memorious Discourse: Reprise And Representation in Postmodernism p.16
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Appropriation in the arts
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| By field |
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Music
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- Appropriation
- Contrafact
- Contrafactum
- Cover version
- Interpolation
- List of musical medleys
- Music mashup
- Musical plagiarism
- Musical quotation
- Parody music
- Pasticcio
- Plunderphonics
- Potpourri
- DJ mix
- Quodlibet
- Remix
- Sampling
- Sound collage
- Trope
- Variation
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Literature / theatre
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- Assemblage
- Cut-up technique
- Joke theft
- Trope
- Found poetry
- Flarf poetry
- Verbatim theatre
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Painting / comics /
photography
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- Collage
- Swipe
- Comic strip switcheroo
- Photographic mosaic
- Combine painting
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By source material
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- Mona Lisa
- Michelangelo's David
- Michelangelo's Pietà
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Cinema / television /
video
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- Video mashup
- Re-cut trailer
- TV format
- Found footage
- Remake
- Parody film
- Collage film
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| General concepts |
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Intertextual figures
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- Allusion
- Quotation
- Calque
- Plagiarism
- Translation
- Pastiche
- Parody
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Adaptation
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- Drama
- Film
- Literary
- Theatre
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Other concepts
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- Imitation in art
- Reprise
- Détournement
- Source criticism in the arts
- Citation
- Homage
- Derivative work
- Bricolage
- Assemblage (art)
- Found art
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Related artistic
concepts
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- Originality
- Artistic inspiration
- Afflatus
- Genius (literature)
- Genre
- Genre studies
- Parody advertisement
- In-joke
- Tribute act
- Fan fiction
- Simulacrum
- Archetypal literary criticism
- Readymades of Marcel Duchamp
- Anti-art
- Pop art
- Aesthetic interpretation
- Western canon
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Standard blocks
and forms
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- Jazz standard
- Stock character
- Plot device
- Dramatic structure
- Formula fiction
- Monomyth
- Archetype
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Epoch-marking
works
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- L.H.O.O.Q. (1919)
- "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote" (1939)
- Reality Hunger: A Manifesto (2010)
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| Theorization |
- Mimesis
- Dionysian imitatio
- De Copia Rerum
- Romantic movement
- Russian formalism
- Modernist movement
- Postmodern movement
- Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree
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Related non-artistic
concepts
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- Cultural appropriation
- Appropriation in sociology
- Articulation in sociology
- Trope (linguistics)
- Academic dishonesty
- Authorship
- Genius
- Intellectual property
- Recontextualisation
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Musical form and development
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- Arch form
- Argument
- Ausmultiplikation
- Bar form
- Binary form
- Call and response
- Cell
- Coda
- Conclusion
- Cycle
- Cyclic form
- Developing variation
- Exposition
- Finale
- Formula composition
- Hook
- Introduction
- Lick
- Motif
- Movement
- Overture
- Period
- Recapitulation
- Repetition
- Reprise
- Rondo
- Rondò
- Section
- Sonata form
- Sonata rondo form
- Song structure (popular music)
- Strophic form
- Ternary form
- Theme
- Thirty-two-bar form
- Through-composed
- Transition
- Variation
- Verse–chorus form
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