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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/24 02:38:50」(JST)

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A lying woman

Lying, also called recumbency or prostration, or decubitus in medicine (from the Latin verb decumbere ′to lie down′), is a type of human position in which the body is more or less horizontal and supported along its length by the surface underneath. Lying is the most common position while being immobilized, e.g. in bedrest while sleeping or being struck by injury or disease.

Lying positions

Supine and prone decubitus.

Recovery position.

When lying, the body may assume a great variety of shapes and positions. The following are the basic recognized ones.

Supine: lying on the back with the face up.
Prone: lying on the chest with the face down ("lying down" or "going prone"). See also "Prostration".
Lying on either side, with the body straight or bent/curled forward or backward.
- The fetal position is lying or sitting curled, with limbs close to the torso and the head close to the knees.
- The recovery position (coma position), one of a series of variations on a lateral recumbent or three-quarters prone position of the body, into which an unconscious but breathing casualty can be placed as part of first aid treatment.

When medical professionals use this term to describe the position of a patient, they first state the part of the body on which the patient is resting followed by the word decubitus. For example, the right lateral decubitus would mean that the patient is lying on his or her right side. Left lateral decubitus position (LLDP) would mean that the patient is lying on his or her left side.

Another example is angina decubitus 'chest pain while lying down'.^[1]

In radiology, this term implies that the patient is lying down with the X-ray being taken parallel to the horizon.^[2]

As a treatment

Bedrest as a medical treatment refers to staying in bed day and night as a treatment for an illness or medical condition, especially when prescribed or chosen rather than resulting from severe prostration or imminent death. Even though most patients in hospitals spend most of their time in the hospital beds, bedrest more often refers to an extended period of recumbence at home.

Long-term risks

Prolonged bedrest carries some medical risks such as decubitus ulcers, demineralization of the bones and atrophy of the muscles, as well as economic and social costs, and is much less commonly prescribed today than it formerly used to be. Preterm labor with threatened miscarriage remains one of the few conditions for which bedrest remains a standard treatment.

It is also a major cause of thrombosis.^[3]

References

^ Quia Directional Terms and Body Positions
^ Indiana University powerpoint presentation on positioning terms
^ Chapter 4 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition.

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English Journal

Acute photosensitisation and mortality in a herd of dairy cattle in Tasmania.

Golder HM1, Moss N1, Rogers G2, Jackson B3, Gannon N4, Wong P5, Lean IJ1.
New Zealand veterinary journal.N Z Vet J.2017 Jan;65(1):39-45. Epub 2016 Oct 2.
CASE HISTORY: A herd of Holstein, Jersey, or Holstein-Jersey cross lactating cattle of mixed ages presented with a sudden drop in milk yield in 94/678 cows on 3 October 2014 (Day 0). The herd was located in Gretna in the Derwent Valley (Tasmania, Australia) and had been grazing dryland pasture.CLINI
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Transthoracic ultrasound guided balloon dilation of cor triatriatum dexter in 2 Rottweiler puppies.

Birettoni F1, Caivano D2, Bufalari A1, Giorgi ME1, Miglio A1, Paradies P3, Porciello F1.
Journal of veterinary cardiology : the official journal of the European Society of Veterinary Cardiology.J Vet Cardiol.2016 Dec;18(4):385-390. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2016.06.006. Epub 2016 Aug 11.
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The cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in dogs and cats: a systematic review.

Chiu KW1, Robson S2, Devi JL2, Woodward A2, Whittem T2.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.J Vet Pharmacol Ther.2016 Dec;39(6):525-538. doi: 10.1111/jvp.12312. Epub 2016 May 18.
To systematically review the quality of evidence comparing the cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone vs. other anesthetic agents in dogs and cats. Studies published from 2001 until 20th May 2013 were identified with the terms 'alfaxan' OR 'alfaxalone' OR '
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