関: crow

WordNet

obtain or seize by violence
large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail (同)Corvus corax
prey on or hunt for; "These mammals predate certain eggs" (同)prey, predate
feed greedily; "The lions ravened the bodies"
utter shrill sounds; "The cocks crowed all morning"
black birds having a raucous call
the cry of a cock (or an imitation of it)
express pleasure verbally; "She crowed with joy"
participate in an all-night techno dance party
a dance party that lasts all night and electronically synthesized music is played; "raves are very popular in Berlin"
an extravagantly enthusiastic review; "he gave it a rave"
praise enthusiastically; "She raved about that new restaurant" (同)gush

PrepTutorEJDIC

ワタリガラス,大ガラス(普通のカラス(crow)よりも大型で,不吉な鳥とされる) / 漆黒(しっこく)の
『カラス』 / =crowbar
《単位形で》おんどりのかん高い鳴き声 / 〈娩〉《通例単数形で》キャッキャッという赤ん坊の笑い声 / 〈おんどりが〉ときを告げる / 〈赤ん坊が〉キャッキャッと笑う / (一般に)〈人が〉誇らしげに歓声をあげる
(…について)とりとめのないことを言う《+『about』+『名』(do『ing』)》;(…にむかって)わめき散らす《+『against(at)』+『名』》 / 《話》(…について)熱っぽく語る,ほめちぎる《+『about』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / とりとめのないことを言うこと;わめくこと / 《話》べたぼめ / べたぼめの
獲物をあさる,がつがつした,強欲な

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/20 22:10:05」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Raven (disambiguation).

Raven is the common name given to several larger-bodied members of the genus Corvus—but in Europe and North America the Common Raven is normally implied. They have black plumage and large beaks.

Species include:

Corvus albicollis – White-necked Raven
Corvus corax – Common Raven
Corvus coronoides – Australian Raven
Corvus crassirostris – Thick-billed Raven
Corvus cryptoleucus – Chihuahuan Raven
Corvus mellori – Little Raven
Corvus rhipidurus – Fan-tailed Raven
Corvus ruficollis – Brown-necked Raven
Corvus tasmanicus – Forest Raven
- C. t. boreus – Relict Raven

Extinct:

†Corvus moriorum – Chatham Raven
†Corvus antipodum – New Zealand Raven

Nest of raven in tree

Ravens at the Tower of London

Smaller-bodied species in the genus Corvus include the crows, jackdaws, and the rook.

Most ravens eat some sort of fruit, such as dates, or berries. Most are omnivorous. The ravens look similar to another common bird, the crow, being related.

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Raven.

Raven videos on the Internet Bird Collection
North American ravens on eNature
Corvid Corner A site about the raven family.
The Raven Diaries Documenting the lives of wild ravens.

This Corvidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Rare earth elements (REEs): Effects on germination and growth of selected crop and native plant species.

Thomas PJ, Carpenter D, Boutin C, Allison JE.Author information Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Rd., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada. Electronic address: Philippe.Thomas@ec.gc.ca.AbstractThe phytotoxicity of rare earth elements (REEs) is still poorly understood. The exposure-response relationships of three native Canadian plant species (common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L., showy ticktrefoil, Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. and switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.) and two commonly used crop species (radish, Raphanus sativus L., and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L.) to the REEs lanthanum (La), yttrium (Y) and cerium (Ce) were tested. In separate experiments, seven to eight doses of each element were added to the soil prior to sowing seeds. Effects of REE dose on germination were established through measures of total percent germination and speed of germination; effects on growth were established through determination of above ground biomass. Ce was also tested at two pH levels and plant tissue analysis was conducted on pooled samples. Effects on germination were mostly observed with Ce at low pH. However, effects on growth were more pronounced, with detectable inhibition concentrations causing 10% and 25% reductions in biomass for the two native forb species (A. syriaca and D. canadense) with all REEs and on all species tested with Ce in both soil pH treatments. Concentration of Ce in aboveground biomass was lower than root Ce content, and followed the dose-response trend. From values measured in natural soils around the world, our results continue to support the notion that REEs are of limited toxicity and not considered extremely hazardous to the environment. However, in areas where REE contamination is likely, the slow accumulation of these elements in the environment could become problematic.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2014 Feb;96:57-66. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.020. Epub 2013 Aug 23.
The phytotoxicity of rare earth elements (REEs) is still poorly understood. The exposure-response relationships of three native Canadian plant species (common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L., showy ticktrefoil, Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. and switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L.) and two commonly used c
PMID 23978671

Herbicide impact on non-target plant reproduction: What are the toxicological and ecological implications?

Boutin C1, Strandberg B2, Carpenter D3, Mathiassen SK4, Thomas PJ5.Author information 1Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Rd., Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Electronic address: Celine.Boutin@ec.gc.ca.2Aarhus Universitet, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.3Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Rd., Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. Electronic address: David.Carpenter@ec.gc.ca.4Aarhus Universitet, Department of Agroecology, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark.5Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Rd., Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada.AbstractDeclining plant diversity and abundance have been widely reported in agro-ecosystems of North America and Europe. Intensive use of herbicides within cropfields and the associated drift in adjacent habitats are partly responsible for this change. The objectives of this work were to quantify the phenological stages of non-target plants in in-situ field situations during herbicide spray and to compare plant susceptibility at different phenological stages. Results demonstrated that a large number of non-target plants had reached reproductive stages during herbicide spray events in woodlots and hedgerows, both in Canada and Denmark where vegetation varies considerably. In addition, delays in flowering and reduced seed production occurred widely on plants sprayed at the seedling stage or at later reproductive periods, with plants sprayed at reproductive stages often exhibiting more sensitivity than those sprayed as seedlings. Ecological risk assessments need to include reproductive endpoints.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987).Environ Pollut.2014 Feb;185:295-306. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.009. Epub 2013 Dec 5.
Declining plant diversity and abundance have been widely reported in agro-ecosystems of North America and Europe. Intensive use of herbicides within cropfields and the associated drift in adjacent habitats are partly responsible for this change. The objectives of this work were to quantify the pheno
PMID 24316067

Prevalence and pathogenic potential of Campylobacter isolates from free-living, human-commensal American Crows.

Weis AM, Miller WA, Byrne BA, Chouicha N, Boyce WM, Townsend AK.Author information Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology.AbstractRecent studies have suggested a potential role for wild birds in zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. In this study, we detected Campylobacter spp. in 66.9% (85/127) of free-ranging American crows (Corvus brachyrhyncos) sampled in the Sacramento Valley of California in 2012 and 2013. Biochemical testing and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA revealed that 93% of isolates (n=70) were C. jejuni, with cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) and flagellin A genes detected by PCR in 20% and 46% of the C. jejuni isolates (n=59), respectively. The high prevalence of C. jejuni, coupled with the occurrence of known virulence markers CDT and flagellin A, demonstrates that crows shed Campylobacter spp. in their feces that are potentially pathogenic to humans. Crows are abundant in urban, suburban, and agricultural settings, and thus further study to determine their role in zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter will inform public health.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2013 Dec 27. [Epub ahead of print]
Recent studies have suggested a potential role for wild birds in zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. In this study, we detected Campylobacter spp. in 66.9% (85/127) of free-ranging American crows (Corvus brachyrhyncos) sampled in t
PMID 24375131

The anti-aging effects of Ludwigia octovalvis on Drosophila melanogaster and SAMP8 mice.

Lin WS, Chen JY, Wang JC, Chen LY, Lin CH, Hsieh TR, Wang MF, Fu TF, Wang PY.Author information Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Renai Rd., Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.AbstractWe investigated the anti-aging effects of Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven (Onagraceae), an extract of which is widely consumed as a healthful drink in a number of countries. Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism, we demonstrated that L. octovalvis extract (LOE) significantly extended fly lifespan on a high, but not a low, calorie diet, indicating that LOE may regulate lifespan through a dietary restriction (DR)-related pathway. LOE also attenuated age-related cognitive decline in both flies and in the senescence-accelerated-prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse, without causing any discernable negative trade-offs, including water intake, food intake, fecundity, or spontaneous motor activity. LOE contained high levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, which possess strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, and was shown to attenuate paraquat-induced oxidative damage and lethality in flies. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses identified 17 known molecules, of which β-sitosterol and squalene were the two most abundant. We further demonstrated that β-sitosterol was capable of extending lifespan, likely through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the fat body of adult flies. Taken together, our data suggest that LOE is a potent anti-aging intervention with potential for treating age-related disorders.
Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands).Age (Dordr).2013 Dec 13. [Epub ahead of print]
We investigated the anti-aging effects of Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven (Onagraceae), an extract of which is widely consumed as a healthful drink in a number of countries. Using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism, we demonstrated that L. octovalvis extract (LOE) si
PMID 24338263

Japanese Journal

激震スクープ闇に消えた3丁の銃奈良県警が逮捕した「大阪府警のスパイ」衝撃の手記王将社長射殺の銃は「Xが改造した25口径RAVEN(レイヴン)」

今西憲之,小泉耕平
週刊朝日 119(50), 18-22, 2014-11-14
NAID 40020245108

昔話の文法七羽のからす(グリム童話)

小澤俊夫 [解説]
子どもと昔話 (60), 24-30, 2014
NAID 40020167672

Does a Craniotomy for Treatment of Unruptured Aneurysm Affect Cognitive Function?

SHIBAHASHI Keita,MORITA Akio,KIMURA Toshikazu
Neurologia medico-chirurgica 54(10), 786-793, 2014
… Patients were tested within one week prior to surgery and again postoperatively (6.8 ± 2.3 days) using a neuropsychological battery comprising the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Raven's colored progressive matrices (RCPM). …
NAID 130004699229

F-1 日英語の色名に見られる多様な文化的相違 : 鉛白・墨色・濡羽色などの無彩色系を中心に(研究発表,第1回秋の大会特別号発表論文集)

吉村耕治,山田有子
日本色彩学会誌 37(6), 602-603, 2013-11-01
NAID 110009661907

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