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of or relating to or exhibiting pyknosis (同)pycnotic

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/17 21:37:38」(JST)

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Morphological characteristics of pyknosis and other forms of nuclear destruction

Apoptosis

Pyknosis, or karyopyknosis, is the irreversible condensation of chromatin in the nucleus of a cell undergoing necrosis^[1] or apoptosis.^[2] It is followed by karyorrhexis, or fragmentation of the nucleus. Pyknosis (from Greek pyknono meaning "to thicken up, to close or to condense") is also observed in the maturation of erythrocytes (a red blood cell) and the neutrophil (a type of white blood cell). The maturing metarubricyte (a stage in RBC maturation) will condense its nucleus before expelling it to become a reticulocyte. The maturing neutrophil will condense its nucleus into several connected lobes that stay in the cell until the end of its cell life.

Pyknotic nuclei are often found in the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland.

References

^ Kumar V, Abbas A, Nelson F, Mitchell R. (2007). "Robbins Basic Pathology". Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.): 6, 9–10 (table 1–1).
^ Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Vandenabeele P, et al. (January 2009). "Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009". Cell Death Differ. 16 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1038/cdd.2008.150. PMC 2744427. PMID 18846107.

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English Journal

Histopathology of motor cortex in an experimental focal ischemic stroke in mouse model.

Oliveira JL1, Crispin PD2, Duarte EC1, Marloch GD1, Gargioni R3, Trentin AG3, Alvarez-Silva M4.Author information 1Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Universidade Federal Santa Catarina, Brazil.2Departamento de Matemática, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brazil.3Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.4Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil. Electronic address: marcio.alvarez@ufsc.br.AbstractExperimental ischemia results in cortical brain lesion followed by ischemic stroke. In this study, focal cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. We studied cortical layers I, II/III, V and VI in the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and medial agranular cortex (AGm) from control and C57BL/6 mice induced with ischemic stroke. Based on our analysis of CFA and AGm motor cortex, significant differences were observed in the numbers of neurons, astrocytes and microglia in the superficial II/III and deep V cortical layers. Cellular changes were more prominent in layer V of the CFA with nuclear pyknosis, chromatin fragmentation, necrosis and degeneration, as well as, morphological evidence of apoptosis, mainly in neurons. As result, the CFA was more severely impaired than the AGm in this focal cerebral ischemic model, as evidenced by the proliferation of astrocytes, potentially resulting in neuroinflammation by microglia-like cells.
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy.J Chem Neuroanat.2014 Mar 21. pii: S0891-0618(14)00015-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.03.002. [Epub ahead of print]
Experimental ischemia results in cortical brain lesion followed by ischemic stroke. In this study, focal cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. We studied cortical layers I, II/III, V and VI in the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and medial agranular cortex (AGm
PMID 24662146

Kidney stone distribution caused by melamine and cyanuric acid in rats.

Chen YT1, Jiann BP2, Wu CH3, Wu JH3, Chang SC4, Chien MS3, Hsuan SL3, Lin YL3, Chen TH3, Tsai FJ1, Liao JW5.Author information 1Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.2Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.3Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.4Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.5Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. Electronic address: jwliao@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.AbstractBACKGROUND: Melamine (M), which is composed of multi-amine, has been used as a food additive to falsely increase protein contents. Furthermore, cyanuric acid (CA) is a derivative of melamine. It is known that these mixtures can cause renal toxicity.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.Clin Chim Acta.2014 Mar 20;430:96-103. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Jan 11.
BACKGROUND: Melamine (M), which is composed of multi-amine, has been used as a food additive to falsely increase protein contents. Furthermore, cyanuric acid (CA) is a derivative of melamine. It is known that these mixtures can cause renal toxicity.METHODS: The objective of this study was to investi
PMID 24418618

Anti-Diabetic Effects of CTB-APSL Fusion Protein in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.

Liu Y1, Gao Z2, Guo Q3, Wang T4, Lu C5, Chen Y6, Sheng Q7, Chen J8, Nie Z9, Zhang Y10, Wu W11, Lv Z12, Shu J13.Author information 1College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. liuyunlong5566@163.com.2College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. lion8907@163.com.3College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. guoqingtuo@163.com.4College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. wangtao900121@163.com.5College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. luconger0302@163.com.6College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. carolynchency@163.com.7College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. csheng@zstu.edu.cn.8College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. chj1999@126.com.9College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. wuxinzm@zstu.edu.cn.10College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. yaozhou@zstu.edu.cn.11College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. wuwutong@gmail.com.12College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. zhengbingl@zstu.edu.cn.13College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China. shujianhong@zstu.edu.cn.AbstractTo determine whether cholera toxin B subunit and active peptide from shark liver (CTB-APSL) fusion protein plays a role in treatment of type 2 diabetic mice, the CTB-APSL gene was cloned and expressed in silkworm (Bombyx mori) baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), then the fusion protein was orally administrated at a dose of 100 mg/kg for five weeks in diabetic mice. The results demonstrated that the oral administration of CTB-APSL fusion protein can effectively reduce the levels of both fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), promote insulin secretion and improve insulin resistance, significantly improve lipid metabolism, reduce triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, as well as effectively improve the inflammatory response of type 2 diabetic mice through the reduction of the levels of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Histopathology shows that the fusion protein can significantly repair damaged pancreatic tissue in type 2 diabetic mice, significantly improve hepatic steatosis and hepatic cell cloudy swelling, reduce the content of lipid droplets in type 2 diabetic mice, effectively inhibit renal interstitial inflammatory cells invasion and improve renal tubular epithelial cell nucleus pyknosis, thus providing an experimental basis for the development of a new type of oral therapy for type 2 diabetes.
Marine drugs.Mar Drugs.2014 Mar 13;12(3):1512-29. doi: 10.3390/md12031512.
To determine whether cholera toxin B subunit and active peptide from shark liver (CTB-APSL) fusion protein plays a role in treatment of type 2 diabetic mice, the CTB-APSL gene was cloned and expressed in silkworm (Bombyx mori) baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), then the fusion protein was
PMID 24633252

Japanese Journal

Systemic Histopathology of Infant Rats Exposed to Busulfan

OHIRA Toko,SAITO Tsubasa,ANDO Ryo,TAMURA Kazutoshi,HOSHIYA Toru
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology, 2013
… As a result, histopathological changes characterized by pyknosis of component cells were observed in the heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, testes, epididymides, hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, dorsal skin and femur as well as in the brain and eyes (data not shown in this paper). … Such pyknosis transiently appeared until 7 DAT with prominence at 2 and/or 4 DAT in each tissue, except for the thymus, in which pyknosis peaked at 1 DAT. …
NAID 130003382473

MicroRNAs expression in the Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether-induced testicular lesion

Fukushima Tamio,Taki Kenji,Ise Ryota [他],HORII Ikuo,YOSHIDA Takemi
Journal of toxicological sciences 36(5), 601-611, 2011-10-01
… At 2,000 mg/kg, slight decrease of phacytene spermatocytes with cell shrinkage and nucleus pyknosis at 6 hr and remarkable decrease (or cell death) of phacytene spermatocytes with Sertoli cell vacuolation at 24 hr were observed. …
NAID 10029481384

Keratoconus in a Cynomolgus Monkey

Kodama Rinya,Yang Xiuying,Araki Tomoaki [他],Sato Masato,Iwashige Shuichiro,Tanigawa Yohei,Uchimura Mie,Ishimaru Keisuke,Sasaki Yuji,Kamimura Yasuhiro,Maeda Hiroshi
Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 23(1), 53-58, 2010
… Collagen fibers were compacted or disarranged, and the keratocytes were increased in the stroma, with focal pyknosis or loss of the endothelium and folding of Descemet's membrane. …
NAID 130000262643