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an image vivid enough to be a hallucination but recognized as unreal

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/02 21:08:34」(JST)

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A pseudohallucination is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a hallucination, but recognised by the patient not to be the result of external stimuli. Unlike normal hallucination, which occurs when one sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels something that is not there, with a compelling feeling or thought that it is real, pseudohallucinations are recognised by the person as unreal.

In other words, it is a hallucination that is recognized as a hallucination, as opposed to a "normal" hallucination which would be perceived as real. An example used in psychiatry is the hearing of voices which are "inside the head" according to the patient; in contrast, a hallucination would be indistinguishable to the patient from a real external stimulus, e.g. "people were talking about me".

The term is not widely used in the psychiatric and medical fields, as it is considered ambiguous;^[1] the term nonpsychotic hallucination is preferred.^[2] Pseudohallucinations, then, are more likely to happen with a hallucinogenic drug.

A further distinction is sometimes made between pseudohallucinations and parahallucinations, the latter being a result of damage to the peripheral nervous system.^[3]

They are considered a feature of conversion disorder, somatization disorder, and dissociative disorders.^[4] Also, pseudohallucinations can occur in people with visual/hearing loss, with the typical such type being Charles Bonnet syndrome.

References

^ Berrios, G. E.; Dening, T. R. (2009). "Pseudohallucinations: A conceptual history". Psychological Medicine 26 (4): 753–63. doi:10.1017/S0033291700037776. PMID 8817710.
^ van der Zwaard, Roy; Polak, Machiel A. (2001). "Pseudohallucinations: A pseudoconcept? A review of the validity of the concept, related to associate symptomatology". Comprehensive Psychiatry 42 (1): 42–50. doi:10.1053/comp.2001.19752. PMID 11154715.
^ El-Mallakh, Rif S.; Walker, Kristin L. (2010). "Hallucinations, psuedohallucinations, and parahallucinations". Psychiatry 73 (1): 34–42. doi:10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34. PMID 20235616.
^ First, Michael B.; Frances, Allen; Pincus, Harold Alan (2002). DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 64.

Bibliography

В. Х. Кандинский. О псевдогаллюцинациях (Victor Kandinsky On Pseudohallucinations)

English Journal

A Short Note on Pseudohallucinations.

Turner MA.
Psychopathology.Psychopathology.2014 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Pseudohallucinations are poorly understood, with clinicians continuing to rely on historical contributions to inform their views. There have been a number of recent attempts to develop a phenomenologically adequate theory of psychotic symptoms, yet the reciprocal dependence between the structure of
PMID 24525956

Auditory pseudohallucinations in United Kingdom war veterans and civilians with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Brewin CR1, Patel T.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry.J Clin Psychiatry.2010 Apr;71(4):419-25. doi: 10.4088/JCP.09m05469blu. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
OBJECTIVE: Hearing voices is a little-known feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), mainly reported in US war veterans; it may be better conceived of as a dissociative than as a psychotic phenomenon. We investigated this feature in a pair of studies: Study 1 tested whether hearing voices wa
PMID 20361915

Hallucinations, psuedohallucinations, and parahallucinations.

El-Mallakh RS1, Walker KL.
Psychiatry.Psychiatry.2010 Spring;73(1):34-42. doi: 10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34.
BACKGROUND: There are several clinical phenomena that resemble hallucinations which are inadequately studied because the terminology defining them is inadequate.METHODS: A review of the relevant literature, identified by searches of Ovid and PubMed databases.RESULTS: A historical review reveals that
PMID 20235616

Japanese Journal

解離性障害にみられた幻聴

柴山雅俊
精神医学 47(7), 709-716, 2005-07-00
NAID 40006823671

'芸術理論'再考,古典的芸術理論の再検討および「偽幻覚」症状をもとに

佐藤英樹
美術解剖学雑誌 9(1), 23-31, 2005-03-00
NAID 40007248046

音楽幻聴(および言語性幻聴)を示した脳血管性痴呆の1例

大原一幸,岩井雅之,立田知大 [他]
精神医学 46(2), 191-193, 2004-02-00
NAID 40006097400

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「仮性幻覚」

　　[★]

英: pseudohallucination
同: 偽幻覚、心性幻覚 hallucination psychique
関: 幻覚、真性幻覚

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仮性幻覚 : 約 200 件
偽幻覚 : 約 316 件

[1] Berrios, G. E.; Dening, T. R. (2009). "Pseudohallucinations: A conceptual history". Psychological Medicine 26 (4): 753–63. doi:10.1017/S0033291700037776. PMID 8817710.

[2] van der Zwaard, Roy; Polak, Machiel A. (2001). "Pseudohallucinations: A pseudoconcept? A review of the validity of the concept, related to associate symptomatology". Comprehensive Psychiatry 42 (1): 42–50. doi:10.1053/comp.2001.19752. PMID 11154715.

[3] El-Mallakh, Rif S.; Walker, Kristin L. (2010). "Hallucinations, psuedohallucinations, and parahallucinations". Psychiatry 73 (1): 34–42. doi:10.1521/psyc.2010.73.1.34. PMID 20235616.

[4] First, Michael B.; Frances, Allen; Pincus, Harold Alan (2002). DSM-IV-TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 64.

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pseudohallucination