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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/21 05:19:18」(JST)

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Formation of a prophage

A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome inserted and integrated into the circular bacterial DNA chromosome or existing as an extrachromosomal plasmid. This is a latent form of a phage, in which the viral genes are present in the bacterium without causing disruption of the bacterial cell.

Prophage induction

Upon detection of host cell damage, such as UV light or certain chemicals, the prophage is excised from the bacterial chromosome in a process called prophage induction. After induction, viral replication begins via the Lytic Cycle. In the lytic cycle, the virus commandeers the cell's reproductive machinery. The cell may fill with new viruses until it lyses or bursts, or it may release the new viruses one at a time in a reverse endocytotic process. The period from infection to lysis is termed the latent period. A virus following a lytic cycle is called a virulent virus. Prophages are important agents of horizontal gene transfer, and are considered part of the mobilome. All families of bacterial viruses with circular (single-stranded or double-stranded) DNA genomes or replicating their genomes through a circular intermediate (e.g., Caudovirales) have temperate members.

Zygotic induction

Main article: Zygotic induction

If a target cell doesn't have the same prophage, upon infection by a phage the lytic pathway is immediately activated. This phenomenon is called Zygotic induction.

References

See also

• Provirus

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 市中感染型メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌の病原性決定基 virulence determinants of community acquired methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

English Journal

• Contributions of P2- and P22-like prophages to understanding the enormous diversity and abundance of tailed bacteriophages.

• Casjens SR1, Grose JH2.
• Virology.Virology.2016 Sep;496:255-76. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.022. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
• We identified 9371 tailed phage prophages of 20 known types in reported complete genome sequences of 3298 bacteria in the Salmonella genus. These include 4758 P2 type and 744 P22 type prophages. The latter prophage types were found in the genome sequences of 127 and 24 bacterial host genera, increas
• PMID 27372181

• Complete genome analysis of Clostridium bornimense strain M2/40(T): A new acidogenic Clostridium species isolated from a mesophilic two-phase laboratory-scale biogas reactor.

• Tomazetto G1, Hahnke S2, Koeck DE3, Wibberg D1, Maus I1, Pühler A1, Klocke M2, Schlüter A4.
• Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2016 Aug 20;232:38-49. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.001. Epub 2015 Aug 6.
• Taxonomic and functional profiling based on metagenome analyses frequently revealed that members of the class Clostridia dominate biogas reactor communities and perform different essential metabolic pathways in the biogas fermentation process. Clostridium bornimense strain M2/40(T) was recently isol
• PMID 26256097

• Draft Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1, an Excellent Producer of Microbicides.

• Li Y1, Li Q2, Li Y2, Gao J2, Fan X2.
• Genome announcements.Genome Announc.2016 Aug 4;4(4). pii: e00727-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.00727-16.
• We report here the draft genome sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa KF-1, which exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity. It encodes the synthase of bacitracin, kalimantacin, bacillomycin, iturin, fusaricidin, tridecaptin, and pelgipeptin and biosynthetic pathways of antiviral curldan and levan poly
• PMID 27491987

Japanese Journal

• Heavy oil exposure increases viral production in natural marine bacterial populations

• Yoshida Mitsuhiro,Suzuki Satoru
• Journal of oceanography 70(1), 115-122, 2014-02
• NAID 40019971237

• Genomic Features of Lactococcus lactis IO-1, a Lactic Acid Bacterium That Utilizes Xylose and Produces High Levels of L-Lactic Acid

• SHIMIZU-KADOTA Mariko,KATO Hiroaki,SHIWA Yuh,OSHIMA Kenshiro,MACHII Miki,ARAYA-KOJIMA Tomoko,ZENDO Takeshi,HATTORI Masahira,SONOMOTO Kenji,YOSHIKAWA Hirofumi
• Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 77(9), 1804-1808, 2013-09-23
• NAID 10031202726

• Genomic Features of Lactococcus lactis IO-1, a Lactic Acid Bacterium That Utilizes Xylose and Produces High Levels of L-Lactic Acid

• SHIMIZU-KADOTA Mariko,KATO Hiroaki,SHIWA Yuh [他],OSHIMA Kenshiro,MACHII Miki,ARAYA-KOJIMA Tomoko,ZENDO Takeshi,HATTORI Masahira,SONOMOTO Kenji,YOSHIKAWA Hirofumi
• Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 77(9), 1804-1808, 2013
• Lactococcus lactis IO-1 (JCM7638) produces L-lactic acid predominantly when grown at high xylose concentrations, and its utilization is highly desired in the green plastics industry. Therefore it is w …
• NAID 130003361207

Related Links

• Prophage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A prophage is a phage (viral) genome inserted and integrated into the circular bacterial DNA chromosome. A prophage, also known as a temperate phage, is any virus in the lysogenic cycle; it is integrated into the host chromosome or exists ...

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