関: PC2、proprotein convertase 2

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/01 19:49:46」(JST)

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Proprotein convertase 2 (PC2) also known as prohormone convertase 2 or neuroendocrine convertase 2 (NEC2) is a serine protease and proprotein convertase PC2, like proprotein convertase 1 (PC1), is an enzyme responsible for the first step in the maturation of many neuroendocrine peptides from their precursors, such as the conversion of proinsulin to insulin intermediates. To generate the bioactive form of insulin (and many other peptides), a second step involving the removal of C-terminal basic residues is required; this step is mediated by carboxypeptidases E and/or D. PC2 plays only a minor role in the first step of insulin biosynthesis, but a greater role in the first step of glucagon biosynthesis compared to PC1. PC2 binds to the neuroendocrine protein named 7B2, and if this protein is not present, proPC2 cannot become enzymatically active. 7B2 accomplishes this by preventing the aggregation of proPC2 to inactivatable forms. The C-terminal domain of 7B2 also inhibits PC2 activity until it is cleaved into smaller inactive forms. Thus, 7B2 is both an activator and an inhibitor of PC2.

In humans, proprotein convertase 2 is encoded by the PCSK2 gene.^[1] It is related to the bacterial enzyme subtilisin, and altogether there are 9 different subtilisin-like genes in mammals: furin, PACE4, PC4, PC5/6, PC7/8, PCSK9, and SKI1/S1P.

References[edit]

^ Seidah NG, Mattei MG, Gaspar L, Benjannet S, Mbikay M, Chrétien M (September 1991). "Chromosomal assignments of the genes for neuroendocrine convertase PC1 (NEC1) to human 5q15-21, neuroendocrine convertase PC2 (NEC2) to human 20p11.1-11.2, and furin (mouse 7[D1-E2] region)". Genomics 11 (1): 103–7. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90106-O. PMID 1765368.

External links[edit]

Proprotein convertase 2 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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English Journal

Phenotype of entero-endocrine L cells becomes restricted during development.

Grigoryan M, Kedees MH, Guz Y, Teitelman G.SourceDepartment of Cell Biology, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York.
Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists.Dev Dyn.2012 Dec;241(12):1986-92. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.23875. Epub 2012 Oct 29.
Background: Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are hormones secreted by L and K cells, respectively, and by LK cells. To characterize L and K cells during development, we examined ileum from embryonic (e)- 12 to e-17. Results: GLP-1 cells were first
PMID 23027401

The Neuroendocrine Protein 7B2 Is Intrinsically Disordered.

Dasgupta I, Sanglas L, Enghild JJ, Lindberg I.SourceDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States.
Biochemistry.Biochemistry.2012 Sep 14. [Epub ahead of print]
The small neuroendocrine protein 7B2 has been shown to be required for the productive maturation of proprotein convertase 2 (proPC2) to an active enzyme form; this action is accomplished via its ability to block aggregation of proPC2 into nonactivatable forms. Recent data show that 7B2 can also act
PMID 22947085

Japanese Journal

グレリンのプロセシングに関与する酵素とその性質 (内分泌) -- (基礎分野での進歩)

児島将康
Annual review, 糖尿病・代謝・内分泌 2011, 178-182, 2011
NAID 40018711559

遺伝性肥満プロホルモン変換酵素1(PC1)遺伝子異常症 (肥満症(第2版)--基礎・臨床研究の進歩) -- (肥満症の疫学・病態・診断学の進歩症候性肥満--病因,病態,管理法)

新谷光世
日本臨床 68(-) (972), 496-500, 2010-02
NAID 40016964522

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リンク元	「プロホルモン転換酵素2」「proprotein convertase 2」「PC2」
関連記事	「prohormone」「convertase」「prohormone convertase」

「プロホルモン転換酵素2」

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proprotein convertase 2
Identifiers
EC number	3.4.21.94
CAS number	130960-94-0
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
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NCBI	proteins

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2
Identifiers
Symbols	PCSK2; NEC 2; NEC-2; NEC2; PC2; SPC2
External IDs	OMIM: 162151 MGI: 97512 HomoloGene: 37640 ChEMBL: 2433 GeneCards: PCSK2 Gene
EC number	3.4.21.94
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• serine-type endopeptidase activity; • protein binding; • protein complex binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular space; • membrane; • transport vesicle; • dendrite; • secretory granule lumen; • perikaryon;
Biological process	• proteolysis; • nervous system development; • embryo development; • protein autoprocessing; • insulin processing; • enkephalin processing; • islet amyloid polypeptide processing; • cellular protein metabolic process;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
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