日
関

WordNet

drug (trade name Kemadrin) used to reduce tremors in Parkinsonism (同)Kemadrin
a complex consisting of an organic base in association with hydrogen chloride

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/16 10:40:16」(JST)

wiki en

Procyclidine is an anticholinergic drug principally used for the treatment of drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and acute dystonia; Parkinson disease; and idiopathic or secondary dystonia.

Uses

It is used in patients with parkinsonism and akathisia, and to reduce the side effects of antipsychotic treatment given for schizophrenia. Procyclidine is also a second-line drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It improves tremor but not rigidity or bradykinesia.

Procyclidine is also sometimes used for the treatment of dystonia (but not tardive dyskinesia), a rare disorder that causes abnormal muscle contraction, resulting in twisting postures of limbs, trunk, or face.

Overdose

Signs of procyclidine overdose are those of an anticholinergic and include confusion, agitation and sleeplessness that can last up to or more than 24 hours. Pupils become dilated and unreactive to light. Tachycardia (fast heart beat), as well as auditory and visual hallucinations have also been reported.

Other known symptoms of overdose are: clumsiness or unsteadiness, being severely drowsy, having a severely dry mouth, nose, or throat, having an altered mood or other mental changes, seizures, being short of breath or having troubled breathing, a dry and warm, flushed skin.

A suspected overdose with severe life-threatening symptoms should immediately be brought to medical attention, where reversal can be attempted with physostigmine administered intravenously or subcutaneously.

Synthesis

Procyclidine synthesis: DE 1084734 U.S. Patent 2,826,590

Procyclidine, 1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolidinopropan-1-ol, is synthesized in exactly the same manner as was seen for trihexyphenidyl, except this time the linear synthesis begins with the preparation of 3-(1-pyrrolidino)propiophenone.

Procyclidine synthesis 2^[1]

In an interesting variation, the ketone is first reacted with phenylmagnesium bromide. Catalytic hydrogenation of the carbinol thus obtained can be stopped after the reduction of only one aromatic ring.

References

^ Adamson, D. W.; Barrett, P. A.; Wilkinson, S. (1951). "11. Aminoalkyl tertiary carbinols and derived products. Part IV. Spasmolytics. Phenyl- and cyclohexylphenyl-carbinols". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 52. doi:10.1039/jr9510000052.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. パーキンソン病の薬理学的治療 pharmacologic treatment of parkinson disease
2. ジストニアの治療 treatment of dystonia
3. 患者情報：パーキンソン病の治療選択肢・薬物療法（詳細） parkinson disease treatment options medications beyond the basics

English Journal

Effects of discontinuing anticholinergic treatment on movement disorders, cognition and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia.

Desmarais JE1, Beauclair L2, Annable L2, Bélanger MC2, Kolivakis TT2, Margolese HC2.
Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology.Ther Adv Psychopharmacol.2014 Dec;4(6):257-67. doi: 10.1177/2045125314553611.
BACKGROUND: Physicians have prescribed anticholinergic agents such as benztropine, procyclidine, biperiden and trihexyphenidyl for treatment and prophylaxis of antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) for decades. Anticholinergic agents can however worsen tardive dyskinesia and cause many
PMID 25489477

Combined drug therapy in the management of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis due to Acanthamoeba spp., and Balamuthia mandrillaris.

Kulsoom H1, Baig AM1, Siddiqui R1, Khan NA2.
Experimental parasitology.Exp Parasitol.2014 Nov;145 Suppl:S115-20. doi: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.025. Epub 2014 Apr 12.
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is caused by two protist pathogens, Acanthamoeba spp., and Balamuthia mandrillaris. Although rare, it almost always results in death. In the present study, amoebae were treated with various combinations of clinically-approved drugs, targeting vital cellular r
PMID 24726699

Isobolographic analysis of the mechanisms of action of anticonvulsants from a combination effect.

Matsumura N1, Nakaki T2.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2014 Oct 15;741:237-46. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.08.001. Epub 2014 Aug 19.
The nature of the pharmacodynamic interactions of drugs is influenced by the drugs׳ mechanisms of action. It has been hypothesized that drugs with different mechanisms are likely to interact synergistically, whereas those with similar mechanisms seem to produce additive interactions. In this review
PMID 25149665

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「プロサイクリジン」「塩酸プロシクリジン」
関連記事	「procyclidine」「hydrochloride」

「プロサイクリジン」

Procyclidine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	1-cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propan-1-ol hydrochloride
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a605037
Routes of; administration	oral, im, iv
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	~100%-albumin
Biological half-life	~12 h
Identifiers
CAS Number	77-37-2; 77-37-2 (free base)
ATC code	N04AA04
PubChem	CID: 207841
DrugBank	DB00387
ChemSpider	4750
UNII	C6QE1Q1TKR
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1761
Chemical data
Formula	C19H30ClNO
Molecular mass	323.9 g/mol
(what is this?) (verify)