proctoscopy

• 直腸鏡検査

　

WordNet

1. visual examination of the rectum and the end of the colon by means of a proctoscope

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/04 00:46:20」(JST)

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Proctoscopy
Intervention
An anoscope, a proctoscope and a rectoscope, and their approximate lengths.
ICD-9-CM	48.2
MeSH	D011351
OPS-301 code:	1-653

Proctoscopy is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope (also known as a rectoscope, although the latter may be a bit longer) is used to examine the anal cavity, rectum or sigmoid colon. A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and usually has a small light bulb mounted at the end. It is approximately 5 inches or 15 cm long, while a rectoscope is approximately 10 inches or 25 cm long. During proctoscopy, the proctoscope is lubricated and inserted into the rectum, and then the obturator is removed, allowing an unobstructed view of the interior of the rectal cavity. This procedure is normally done to inspect for hemorrhoids or rectal polyps and might be mildly uncomfortable as the proctoscope is inserted further into the rectum. Modern fibre-optic proctoscopes allow more extensive observation with less discomfort.

Proctoscopes

Two proctoscopes

A proctoscope is a hollow, tube-like speculum that is used for visual inspection of the rectum. Both disposable and non-disposable proctoscopes are available for use. Out of these, the non-disposable Kelly's rectal speculum, named after the American gynaecologist Howard Atwood Kelly, is the most commonly used speculum for proctoscopy. Some proctoscopes have a light source for better visibility. The proctoscope is inserted into the anal canal with the patient in Sims' position. Fibre optic proctoscopes are now available which causes less discomfort to the patient.
The proctoscope is used in the diagnosis of haemorrhoids, carcinoma of anal canal or rectum and rectal polyp. It is used therapeutically for polypectomy and rectal biopsy.

A proctoscope (middle) with an anoscope and a rectoscope

Disposable proctoscopes without light are also available. The proctoscope also has a hollow channel through which other instruments may be inserted. For example, another instrument may be used to take a biopsy of a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. Also, air may be injected through the proctoscope to help make viewing easier. Similar instruments, the sigmoidoscope and colonoscope may be used to visualize more proximal parts of the bowels.

See also

• Endoscopy
• Anoscopy
• Hemorrhoids
• Rubber band ligation

Notes

References

• Moore et al. (2010) Clinically Oriented Anatomy 6th edition

External links

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Pushing the limits of local excision for rectal cancer: transanal minimally invasive surgery for an upper rectal/rectosigmoid lesion.

• Hussein Q1, Artinyan A.Author information 1Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is an evolving technique for the local excision of early rectal cancers,1 particularly for mid-rectal lesions. The approach to upper rectal lesions is significantly more challenging and prone to complications. We demonstrate TAMIS for an upper rectal/rectosigmoid lesion, with transanal repair of an intraoperative rectal/rectosigmoid perforation.
• Annals of surgical oncology.Ann Surg Oncol.2014 May;21(5):1631. doi: 10.1245/s10434-013-3457-9. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
• BACKGROUND: Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is an evolving technique for the local excision of early rectal cancers,1 particularly for mid-rectal lesions. The approach to upper rectal lesions is significantly more challenging and prone to complications. We demonstrate TAMIS for an upper
• PMID 24407315

• Clinical predictors of rectal lymphogranuloma venereum infection: results from a multicentre case-control study in the UK.

• Pallawela SN1, Sullivan AK, Macdonald N, French P, White J, Dean G, Smith A, Winter AJ, Mandalia S, Alexander S, Ison C, Ward H.Collaborators (12)Hadley W, Benzie A, Hodson L, Chopin M, Schepers C, Halley S, Bradshaw D, Gedela K, Price H, Azwa A, Trayno D, Seaton G.
• Sexually transmitted infections.Sex Transm Infect.2014 Mar 31. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051401. [Epub ahead of print]
• OBJECTIVE: Since 2003, over 2000 cases of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) have been diagnosed in the UK in men who have sex with men (MSM). Most cases present with proctitis, but there are limited data on how to differentiate clinically between LGV and other pathology. We analysed the clinical presen
• PMID 24687130

• Benign and malignant tumors of the rectum and perirectal region.

• Purysko AS1, Coppa CP, Kalady MF, Pai RK, Leão Filho HM, Thupili CR, Remer EM.Author information 1Abdominal Imaging Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, JB3, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA, puryska@ccf.org.AbstractAlthough most rectal masses are histologically characterized as adenocarcinomas, the rectum and perirectal region can be affected by a wide variety of tumors and tumor-like conditions that can mimic the symptoms caused by rectal adenocarcinoma, including mucosal or submucosal rectal tumors such as lymphoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, leiomyosarcoma, neuroendocrine tumor, hemangioma, and melanoma, as well as tumors of the perirectal region such as developmental cyst, neurogenic tumor, osseous tumor, and other miscellaneous conditions. As a group, tumors of the rectum are considerably different from the group of tumors that arise in the perirectal region: they are most often neoplastic, symptomatic, and malignant, whereas tumors arising in the perirectal region are most commonly congenital, asymptomatic, and benign. Proctoscopy with biopsy is the most important method for the diagnosis of rectal tumors, but this procedure cannot determine the precise intramural extension of a rectal tumor and cannot accurately distinguish submucosal and intramural tumors from extramural tumors. Cross-sectional imaging, especially transrectal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, allows evaluation of the entire bowel wall thickness and the perirectal tissues, helping further characterize these tumors. Recognition of the existence of these masses and their key clinical and imaging features is crucial for clinicians to accurately diagnose and appropriately manage these conditions.
• Abdominal imaging.Abdom Imaging.2014 Mar 25. [Epub ahead of print]
• Although most rectal masses are histologically characterized as adenocarcinomas, the rectum and perirectal region can be affected by a wide variety of tumors and tumor-like conditions that can mimic the symptoms caused by rectal adenocarcinoma, including mucosal or submucosal rectal tumors such as l
• PMID 24663381

Japanese Journal

• 腹腔鏡が診断および治療に有用であった直腸杙創の1 男児例

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• 日本小児外科学会雑誌 50(5), 925-929, 2014
• 小児の直腸杙創は比較的まれである．今回われわれは，尿路系に損傷を伴った直腸杙創の1 例を経験したので報告する．症例は11 歳男児．椅子の背もたれの上に立っていたところ，椅子が破損し転落．会陰部に破損した椅子の木片が刺入した．家族にて木片は抜去され，前医に救急搬送された．大腸内視鏡で径2 cm の腹膜外直腸穿通を認め，精査・加療目的で当院に転院搬送された．CT で直腸・精囊・膀胱損傷を認め，受傷後8 …
• NAID 130004684306

• 小児排便時下血症例に対するCT colonographyの経験

• 久保 裕之,下野 隆一,田中 彩,遠迫 俊哉,則兼 敬志,助石 宙志
• 日本小児外科学会雑誌 50(4), 826-830, 2014
• 排便時に下血をきたす小児では，肛門周囲に病変がない場合には大腸ポリープなどの大腸内病変の検索が必要である．現在，その検索には主に直腸鏡，注腸造影，大腸内視鏡が用いられるが，いずれも簡便かつ安全な検査とはいい難い．そこで今回我々は小児排便時下血症例5 例に対し，成人領域では広く用いられているCT colonography を応用した．前処置を施行した上で腸管内に30 ml/kg の空気を注入し，仰臥 …
• NAID 130004624732

• 肛門の潜在性腺癌由来の続発性肛囲Paget病の1例

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• NAID 130003397420

Related Links

• Proctoscopy | definition of proctoscopy by Medical dictionary

proctoscopy [prok-tos´kah-pe] inspection of the rectum with a proctoscope. The examination is usually done prior to rectal surgery, and it may be a part of the physical examination of a patient with hemorrhoids, rectal bleeding, or ...

• What You Need to Know About Proctoscopy - WebMD ...

Proctoscopy is a quick examination of the rectum to look for signs of colorectal cancer. WebMD tells you what to expect from the test. ... Proctoscopy is an examination of the rectum using a special metal or plastic ...

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