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1. HIV血清陰性患者におけるクリプトコッカス髄膜脳炎の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in hiv seronegative patients
2. バセドウ病（グレーブス甲状腺機能亢進症）の治療 treatment of graves hyperthyroidism
3. 高プロラクチン血症の原因 causes of hyperprolactinemia
4. 放射性ヨウ素による甲状腺機能亢進症の治療 radioiodine in the treatment of hyperthyroidism
5. バソプレシンおよびデスモプレシン刺激試験 vasopressin and desmopressin stimulation test

English Journal

Hydrogen sulfide alleviates 2,4-dichlorophenol toxicity and promotes its degradation in Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Chen A1, Zeng G2, Chen G3, Zhang C1, Yan M1, Shang C1, Hu X1, Lu L1, Chen M1, Guo Z1, Zuo Y1.Author information 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.2College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China. Electronic address: zgming@hnu.edu.cn.3College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China. Electronic address: gqchen@hnu.edu.cn.AbstractIn this study, the H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was used to pretreat Phanerochaete chrysosporium in order to improve its ability to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). When pretreated with 100μM NaHS, P. chrysosporium was able to degrade 2,4-DCP completely in 24h, whereas the degradation efficiency of the untreated control was only 57%. The 2,4-DCP-induced oxidative stress was alleviated by NaHS, and the percentage of surviving cells increased by 32%. H2S or HS-, rather than other compounds derived from NaHS, were responsible for promoting 2,4-DCP degradation by P. chrysosporium. The results of this study suggest that H2S treatment is a potential strategy to alleviate environmental stress and improve the efficiency of the biological removal of pollutants from wastewater.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2014 Feb 14. pii: S0045-6535(14)00135-0. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.069. [Epub ahead of print]
In this study, the H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was used to pretreat Phanerochaete chrysosporium in order to improve its ability to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). When pretreated with 100μM NaHS, P. chrysosporium was able to degrade 2,4-DCP completely in 24h, whereas the degradation
PMID 24530160

Screening of ecologically diverse fungi for their potential to pretreat lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock.

Singh S, Harms H, Schlosser D.Author information Department of Bioenergy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.AbstractA widespread and hitherto by far underexploited potential among ecologically diverse fungi to pretreat wheat straw and digestate from maize silage in the future perspective of using such lignocellulosic feedstock for fermentative bioenergy production was inferred from a screening of nine freshwater ascomycetes, 76 isolates from constructed wetlands, nine peatland isolates and ten basidiomycetes. Wheat straw pretreatment was most efficient with three ascomycetes belonging to the genera Acephala (peatland isolate) and Stachybotrys (constructed wetland isolates) and two white-rot fungi (Hypholoma fasciculare and Stropharia rugosoannulata) as it increased the amounts of water-extractable total sugars by more than 50 % and sometimes up to 150 % above the untreated control. The ascomycetes delignified wheat straw at rates (lignin losses between about 31 and 40 % of the initial content) coming close to those observed with white-rot fungi (about 40 to 57 % lignin removal). Overall, fungal delignification was indicated as a major process facilitating the digestibility of wheat straw. Digestate was generally more resistant to fungal decomposition than wheat straw. Nevertheless, certain ascomycetes delignified this substrate to extents sometimes even exceeding delignification by basidiomycetes. Total sugar amounts of about 20 to 60 % above the control value were obtained with the most efficient fungi (one ascomycete of the genus Phoma, the unspecific wood-rot basidiomycete Agrocybe aegerita and one unidentified constructed wetland isolate). This was accompanied by lignin losses of about 47 to 56 % of the initial content. Overall, digestate delignification was implied to be less decisive for high yields of fermentable sugars than wheat straw delignification.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2014 Feb 7. [Epub ahead of print]
A widespread and hitherto by far underexploited potential among ecologically diverse fungi to pretreat wheat straw and digestate from maize silage in the future perspective of using such lignocellulosic feedstock for fermentative bioenergy production was inferred from a screening of nine freshwater
PMID 24504460

Protective effect of sulfated chitosan of C3 sulfation on glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rat kidney.

Xing R1, Liu S1, Yu H1, Qin Y1, Chen X1, Li K1, Li P2.Author information 1Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.2Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: xingronge@qdio.ac.cn.AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of sulfated chitosan of C3 sulfation (TCTS) on the glycerol-induced acute renal failure. Compared with the normal group, rats from model group exhibited collecting duct and medullary ascending limb dilation and casts by glycerol treating. TCTS, which was injected to pretreat rats by glycerol, exerted a protective effect. The results showed that serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were markedly increased in glycerol-treated rats. It is proved that TCTS reduced their levels significantly. Ions level in plasma and urine were significantly changed in glycerol-treated rats, whereas TCTS almost recovered their levels back to normal. For female rats, administration of TCTS reduced their mortality. This study showed a noticeable renal morphologic and functional protection by TCTS in glycerol-induced acute renal failure.
International journal of biological macromolecules.Int J Biol Macromol.2014 Feb 7. pii: S0141-8130(14)00039-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.038. [Epub ahead of print]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of sulfated chitosan of C3 sulfation (TCTS) on the glycerol-induced acute renal failure. Compared with the normal group, rats from model group exhibited collecting duct and medullary ascending limb dilation and casts by glycerol tre
PMID 24508919

Japanese Journal

Usefulness of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives as a Pretreatment Material before Application of Topical Drug Formulations and a Peeling Tape for Excess Stratum Corneum Layers