関: bicuspid

WordNet

a tooth having two cusps or points; located between the incisors and the molars (同)bicuspid
having two cusps or points (especially a molar tooth); "bicuspid teeth"; "bicuspid leaves" (同)bicuspidate

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小臼歯 / 小臼歯の
(歯などが)2つの尖(せん)部(突起)を持つ / 小臼歯(きゅうし)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/18 22:46:16」(JST)

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The premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per quadrant in the permanent set of teeth, making eight premolars total in the mouth.^[1]^[2]^[3] They have at least two cusps. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or mastication. It has properties of both the anterior canines and posterior molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars.^[4]

The premolars in humans are the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second premolar, mandibular first premolar, and the mandibular second premolar.^[1]^[3]

There is always one large buccal cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two lingual cusps.^[5]

Molar teeth by definition are permanent teeth distal to the canines, preceded by deciduous premolars.^[6] In primitive placental mammals there are four premolars per quadrant. The most mesial two have been lost in catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans). Paleontologists refer to human premolars as Pm3 and Pm4.^[7]

Additional images

Mouth (oral cavity)

Left maxilla. Outer surface.

Base of skull. Interior surface.

References

^ ^a ^b Roger Warwick & Peter L. Williams, eds. (1973), Gray’s Anatomy (35th ed.), London: Longman, pp. 1218–1220
^ Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E (1985), Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective (4th ed.), Boston: Little Brown, pp. 132–135, 198–199, ISBN 0-673-39013-6
^ ^a ^b Glanze, W.D., Anderson, K.N., & Anderson, L.E, eds. (1990), Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary (3rd ed.), St. Louis, Missouri: The C.V. Mosby Co., p. 957, ISBN 0-8016-3227-7
^ Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E. (1985), pp.132-134
^ Warwick, R., & Williams, P.L. (1973), p.1219.
^ Warwick, R., & Williams, P.L. (1973), pp.1218-1219.
^ Christopher Dean (1994). "Jaws and teeth". In Steve Jones, Robert Martin & David Pilbeam (eds.). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 56–59. ISBN 0-521-32370-3. Also ISBN 0-521-46786-1 (paperback)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 歯の解剖学的構造および発達 anatomy and development of the teeth
2. ノーマ（壊疽性口内炎） noma cancrum oris
3. 歯の発達障害 developmental defects of the teeth

English Journal

Radiographic study of the distribution of maxillary intraosseous vascular canal in Koreans.

Lee J1, Kang N2, Moon YM3, Pang EK4.
Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery.Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg.2016 Jan 4;38(1):1. eCollection 2016.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the distribution and prevalence of intraosseous loop (anastomosis between posterior superior alveolar artery and infraorbital artery) in Koreans detected on computed tomography (CT) images taken prior to sinus augmentation surgery.METHODS: From the 177 pat
PMID 26767186

Quantitative sensory testing of dentinal sensitivity in healthy humans.

Wang K1, He T2, Luo YI1, Bentsen B1, Arendt-Nielsen L1.
Acta odontologica Scandinavica.Acta Odontol Scand.2016 May;74(4):259-64. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1110248. Epub 2015 Nov 6.
Objective The study was to provide information on quantitative sensory testing (QST) of normal teeth to establish a sensory profile and investigate the possible gender and regional differences. Materials and methods A modified QST protocol was applied on both left and right upper-jaw incisors and pr
PMID 26542888

Relation of Aortic Valve Morphologic Characteristics to Aortic Valve Insufficiency and Residual Stenosis in Children With Congenital Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Balloon Valvuloplasty.

Petit CJ1, Gao K2, Goldstein BH3, Lang SM3, Gillespie SE4, Kim SI2, Sachdeva R2.
The American journal of cardiology.Am J Cardiol.2016 Mar 15;117(6):972-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.12.034. Epub 2015 Dec 31.
Aortic valve morphology has been invoked as intrinsic to outcomes of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) for congenital aortic valve stenosis. We sought to use aortic valve morphologic features to discriminate between valves that respond favorably or unfavorably to BAV, using aortic insufficiency (AI
PMID 26805657

Japanese Journal

下顎小臼歯部両側性に出現した過剰歯の１例

松本歯学 = Journal of the Matsumoto Dental University Society 41(1), 33-39, 2015-06-30
NAID 120005657272

Effect of tractive force using a temporary screw type anchorage device in alveolar bone : Stress analysis using the three-dimensional finite element method

Journal of Osaka Dental University 49(1), 95-104, 2015-04
NAID 110009942793

4 歯槽骨に及ぼすテンポラリーアンカレッジデバイス(スクリュータイプ)を用いた牽引力の影響 : 三次元有限要素法による力学解析(第545回大阪歯科学会例会)

歯科医学 78(1), 16-17, 2015-03-25
NAID 110009919213

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「bicuspid」「小臼歯」

「bicuspid」

Premolar
	The permanent teeth, viewed from the right.
	Permanent teeth of right half of lower dental arch, seen from above.
Details
Latin	dentes premolares
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1118
MeSH	A14.549.167.860.150
TA	A05.1.03.006
FMA	55637
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★] 小臼歯、二尖の、(心臓)二尖弁の

関: bicuspid valve、premolar

「小臼歯」

　　[★]

英: premolar (Z), premolar tooth (Z)
同: 前臼歯、双頭歯 bicuspid

[GraysAnatomy35thBritish-1] Roger Warwick & Peter L. Williams, eds. (1973), Gray’s Anatomy (35th ed.), London: Longman, pp. 1218–1220

[Weiss.26Mann1985-2] Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E (1985), Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective (4th ed.), Boston: Little Brown, pp. 132–135, 198–199, ISBN 0-673-39013-6

[MosbysDictionary3rded-3] Glanze, W.D., Anderson, K.N., & Anderson, L.E, eds. (1990), Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary (3rd ed.), St. Louis, Missouri: The C.V. Mosby Co., p. 957, ISBN 0-8016-3227-7

[Weiss.26Mann1985pp132-134-4] Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E. (1985), pp.132-134

[GraysAnatomy35thBritishp1219-5] Warwick, R., & Williams, P.L. (1973), p.1219.

[GraysAnatomy35thBritishpp1218-1219-6] Warwick, R., & Williams, P.L. (1973), pp.1218-1219.

[encylopediahumanevolution-7] Christopher Dean (1994). "Jaws and teeth". In Steve Jones, Robert Martin & David Pilbeam (eds.). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 56–59. ISBN 0-521-32370-3. Also ISBN 0-521-46786-1 (paperback)

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案内

案内

premolar