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nucleusの複数形

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1. 小児における核上性注視異常 supranuclear disorders of gaze in children
2. 脳深部刺激装置の埋込を行う患者のための麻酔 anesthesia for patients having deep brain stimulator implantation
3. 瞳孔不同患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with anisocoria
4. 視床下部下垂体軸 hypothalamic pituitary axis
5. 好中球二次顆粒欠損症 neutrophil specific granule deficiency

English Journal

Identification of Neural Networks That Contribute to Motion Sickness through Principal Components Analysis of Fos Labeling Induced by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation.

Balaban CD1, Ogburn SW2, Warshafsky SG2, Ahmed A3, Yates BJ3.Author information 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America ; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America ; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.2Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.3Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America ; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.AbstractMotion sickness is a complex condition that includes both overt signs (e.g., vomiting) and more covert symptoms (e.g., anxiety and foreboding). The neural pathways that mediate these signs and symptoms are yet to identified. This study mapped the distribution of c-fos protein (Fos)-like immunoreactivity elicited during a galvanic vestibular stimulation paradigm that is known to induce motion sickness in felines. A principal components analysis was used to identify networks of neurons activated during this stimulus paradigm from functional correlations between Fos labeling in different nuclei. This analysis identified five principal components (neural networks) that accounted for greater than 95% of the variance in Fos labeling. Two of the components were correlated with the severity of motion sickness symptoms, and likely participated in generating the overt signs of the condition. One of these networks included neurons in locus coeruleus, medial, inferior and lateral vestibular nuclei, lateral nucleus tractus solitarius, medial parabrachial nucleus and periaqueductal gray. The second included neurons in the superior vestibular nucleus, precerebellar nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and parabrachial nuclei, with weaker associations of raphe nuclei. Three additional components (networks) were also identified that were not correlated with the severity of motion sickness symptoms. These networks likely mediated the covert aspects of motion sickness, such as affective components. The identification of five statistically independent component networks associated with the development of motion sickness provides an opportunity to consider, in network activation dimensions, the complex progression of signs and symptoms that are precipitated in provocative environments. Similar methodology can be used to parse the neural networks that mediate other complex responses to environmental stimuli.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Jan 23;9(1):e86730. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086730. eCollection 2014.
Motion sickness is a complex condition that includes both overt signs (e.g., vomiting) and more covert symptoms (e.g., anxiety and foreboding). The neural pathways that mediate these signs and symptoms are yet to identified. This study mapped the distribution of c-fos protein (Fos)-like immunoreacti
PMID 24466215

Sequential distribution of pTDP-43 pathology in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).

Brettschneider J, Del Tredici K, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Robinson JL, Toledo JB, Fang L, Van Deerlin VM, Ludolph AC, Lee VM, Braak H, Trojanowski JQ.Author information Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Maloney Building, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, johannes.brettschneider@uni-ulm.de.AbstractWe examined regional distribution patterns of phosphorylated 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (pTDP-43) intraneuronal inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Immunohistochemistry was performed on 70 μm sections from FTLD-TDP autopsy cases (n = 39) presenting with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Two main types of cortical pTDP-43 pathology emerged, characterized by either predominantly perikaryal pTDP-43 inclusions (cytoplasmic type, cFTLD) or long aggregates in dendrites (neuritic type, nFTLD). Cortical involvement in nFTLD was extensive and frequently reached occipital areas, whereas cases with cFTLD often involved bulbar somatomotor neurons and the spinal cord. We observed four patterns indicative of potentially sequential dissemination of pTDP-43: cases with the lowest burden of pathology (pattern I) were characterized by widespread pTDP-43 lesions in the orbital gyri, gyrus rectus, and amygdala. With increasing burden of pathology (pattern II) pTDP-43 lesions emerged in the middle frontal and anterior cingulate gyrus as well as in anteromedial temporal lobe areas, the superior and medial temporal gyri, striatum, red nucleus, thalamus, and precerebellar nuclei. More advanced cases showed a third pattern (III) with involvement of the motor cortex, bulbar somatomotor neurons, and the spinal cord anterior horn, whereas cases with the highest burden of pathology (pattern IV) were characterized by pTDP-43 lesions in the visual cortex. We interpret the four neuropathological patterns in bvFTD to be consistent with the hypothesis that pTDP-43 pathology can spread sequentially and may propagate along axonal pathways.
Acta neuropathologica.Acta Neuropathol.2014 Jan 10. [Epub ahead of print]
We examined regional distribution patterns of phosphorylated 43-kDa TAR DNA-binding protein (pTDP-43) intraneuronal inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Immunohistochemistry was performed on 70 μm sections from FTLD-TDP autopsy cases (n = 39) presenting with behavioral variant
PMID 24407427

Development of the cerebellar afferent system in the shark Scyliorhinus canicula: Insights into the basal organization of precerebellar nuclei in gnathostomes.

Pose-Méndez S, Candal E, Adrio F, Rodríguez-Moldes I.Author information Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.AbstractThe cerebellum is recognized as an evolutionary innovation of jawed vertebrates, whose most primitive group is represented by the chondrichthyans, or cartilaginous fishes. A comprehensive knowledge of cerebellar connections in these fishes might shed light on the basal organization of the cerebellar system. Although the organization of the precerebellar system is known in adults, developmental studies are essential for understanding the origin and evolution of precerebellar nuclei. In the present work we performed a developmental study of cerebellar connections in embryos and juveniles of an advanced shark species, Scyliorhinus canicula, by application of tract tracing in combination with immunohistochemical techniques. Main precerebellar cell populations were located in the diencephalon (pretectum and thalamus), mesencephalon (reticular formation and nucleus ruber), rhombencephalon (cerebellar nucleus, reticular formation, and inferior olive), and spinal cord (ventral horn). The order of arrival of cerebellar afferent projections throughout development revealed a common pattern with other jawed vertebrates, which was helpful for comparison of stages of cerebellar development. The neurochemical study of the inferior olive and other precerebellar nuclei revealed many shared features with other gnathostomes. Furthermore, because many precerebellar nuclei originate from rhombic lips, the first analysis of neuronal migrations from these lips was performed with markers of neuroblasts. The shared features of development and organization of precerebellar connections observed between sharks and amniotes suggest that their basic pattern was established early in gnathostome evolution. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:131-168, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Jan;522(1):131-68. doi: 10.1002/cne.23393.
The cerebellum is recognized as an evolutionary innovation of jawed vertebrates, whose most primitive group is represented by the chondrichthyans, or cartilaginous fishes. A comprehensive knowledge of cerebellar connections in these fishes might shed light on the basal organization of the cerebellar
PMID 23818330

Japanese Journal

Retrograde infection of precerebellar nuclei neurons by injection of a recombinant adenovirus into the cerebellar cortex of normal and reeler mice

TANAKA Y.
Arch. Histol. Cytol. 70, 51-62, 2007
NAID 80018556586

Retrograde infection of precerebellar nuclei neurons by injection of a recombinant adenovirus into the cerebellar cortex of normal and reeler mice

Tanaka Yasufumi,Okado Haruo,Terashima Toshio
Archives of Histology and Cytology 70(1), 51-62, 2007
… To determine whether the distribution pattern of precerebellar nuclei neurons in the brainstem of the <I>reeler</I> … These findings strongly suggest that the migration of some precerebellar nuclei neurons from the rhombic lip to their final loci may be obstructed in the <I>reeler</I> …
NAID 130004780521