WordNet

a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite (同)K, atomic number 19
salt of ferricyanic acid obtained by oxidation of a ferrocyanide

PrepTutorEJDIC

ポタシウム,カリウム(金属元素;化学記号はK)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/03 16:11:46」(JST)

wiki en

Potassium ferricyanide is the chemical compound with the formula K₃[Fe(CN)₆]. This bright red salt contains the octahedrally coordinated [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ ion.^[2] It is soluble in water and its solution shows some green-yellow fluorescence.

Preparation

Potassium ferricyanide is manufactured by passing chlorine through a solution of potassium ferrocyanide. Potassium ferricyanide separates from the solution:

2 K₄[Fe(CN)₆] + Cl₂ → 2 K₃[Fe(CN)₆] + 2 KCl

Applications

In 19th century, it was used for reading palimpsests and old manuscripts.^[3]

The compound has widespread use in blueprint drawing and in photography (Cyanotype process). Iron and copper toning involve the use of potassium ferricyanide. Potassium ferricyanide is used as an oxidizing agent to remove silver from negatives and positives, a process called dot etching. In color photography, potassium ferricyanide is used to reduce the size of color dots without reducing their number, as a kind of manual color correction. The compound is also used to harden iron and steel, in electroplating, dyeing wool, as a laboratory reagent, and as a mild oxidizing agent in organic chemistry.

It is also used in black-and-white photography with sodium thiosulfate (hypo) to reduce the density of a negative or gelatin silver print where the mixture is known as Farmer's reducer; this can help offset problems from overexposure of the negative, or brighten the highlights in the print.^[4]

Potassium ferricyanide is also one of two compounds present in ferroxyl indicator solution (along with phenolphthalein) which turns blue (Prussian blue) in the presence of Fe²⁺ ions, and which can therefore be used to detect metal oxidation that will lead to rust. It is possible to calculate the number of moles of Fe²⁺ ions by using a colorimeter, because of the very intense color of Prussian blue Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃.

Potassium ferricyanide is often used in physiology experiments as a means of increasing a solution's redox potential (E°' ~ 436 mV at pH 7). As such, it can oxidize reduced cytochrome c (E°' ~ 247 mV at pH 7) in intact isolated mitochondria.

Sodium dithionite is usually used as a reducing chemical in such experiments (E°' ~ −420 mV at pH 7).

Potassium ferricyanide is used in many amperometric biosensors as an electron transfer agent replacing an enzyme's natural electron transfer agent such as oxygen as with the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is used as this ingredient in many commercially available blood glucose meters for use by diabetics.

Potassium ferricyanide is combined with potassium hydroxide (or sodium hydroxide as a substitute) and water to formulate Murakami's etchant. This etchant is used by metallographers to provide contrast between binder and carbide phases in cemented carbides.

Prussian blue

Prussian blue, the deep blue pigment in blue printing, is generated by the reaction of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] with ferrous (Fe²⁺) ions.^[5]

In histology, potassium ferricyanide is used to detect ferrous iron in biological tissue, with the stain Tirmann Schmeltzer's Turnbull's blue. In this reaction, potassium ferricyanide reacts with ferrous iron in acidic solution to produce an insoluble blue pigment, commonly referred to as Turnbull's blue. To detect ferric (Fe³⁺) iron, potassium ferrocyanide is used instead in the Perls' Prussian blue staining method. The pigment produced is commonly known as Prussian blue.^[6] It has been found that the compound formed in the Turnbull's blue reaction and the compound formed in the Prussian blue reaction are the same unique compound, Prussian blue.^[7]^[8]

Safety

Potassium ferricyanide has very low toxicity, its main hazard being that it is a mild irritant to the eyes and skin. However, under very strongly acidic conditions, highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas is evolved, according to the equation:

6 H⁺ + [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻ → 6 HCN + Fe³⁺^[9]

The reaction with hydrochloric acid is as follows:

6 HCl + K₃[Fe(CN)₆] → 6 HCN + FeCl₃ + 3 KCl

References

^ Kwong, H.-L. (2004). "Potassium Ferricyanide". In Paquette, L. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289.
^ Sharpe, A. G. (1976). The Chemistry of Cyano Complexes of the Transition Metals. London: Academic Press.
^ "Chemicals". Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism. SkyPoint.
^ Stroebel, L.; Zakia, R. D. (1993). "Farmer's Reducer". The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography. Focal Press. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-240-51417-8.
^ Dunbar, K. R.; Heintz, R. A. (1997). "Chemistry of Transition Metal Cyanide Compounds: Modern Perspectives". Progress in Inorganic Chemistry 45. pp. 283–391. doi:10.1002/9780470166468.ch4.
^ Carson, F. L. (1997). Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (2nd ed.). Chicago: American Society of Clinical Pathologists. pp. 209–211. ISBN 0-89189-411-X.
^ Tafesse, F. (2003). "Comparative Studies on Prussian Blue or Diaquatetraamine-Cobalt(III) Promoted Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenylphosphate in Microemulsions" (pdf). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 4 (6): 362–370. doi:10.3390/i4060362.
^ Verdaguer, M.; Galvez, N.; Garde, R.; Desplanches, C. (2002). "Electrons at Work in Prussian Blue Analogues" (pdf). Electrochemical Society Interface 11 (3): 28–32. doi:10.1002/chin.200304218.
^ "MSDS for potassium ferricyanide".

External links

International Chemical Safety Card 1132
National Pollutant Inventory – Cyanide compounds fact sheet

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 低カリウム血症の臨床症状および治療 clinical manifestations and treatment of hypokalemia
2. Chapter 12B：腎臓のカリウム排泄 chapter 12b renal potassium excretion
3. 成人における高カリウム血症の原因および評価 causes and evaluation of hyperkalemia in adults
4. カリウムと高血圧 potassium and hypertension
5. 腎尿細管性アシドーシスの病態生理およびカリウムバランスへの影響 pathophysiology of renal tubular acidosis and the effect on potassium balance

English Journal

Preparation of yolk-shell structured copper oxide@silica oxide spheres and their application in high performance electrochemical sensing of Formoterol fumarate residues in swine feed and tissues.

Gan T1, Shi Z2, Hu D2, Lv Z2, Sun J2, Liu Y2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:544-51. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.132. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
In this paper, we report a facile route to synthesize yolk-shell structured copper oxide@silica oxide (CuO@SiO2) spheres and their application to construct an electrochemical Formoterol fumarate (FF) sensor. The CuO@SiO2 was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray po
PMID 26213008

Sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of ethopabate and amprolium hydrochloride in chicken plasma and their residues in food samples.

El-Kosasy AM1, Hussein LA1, Magdy N1, Abbas MM2.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Nov 5;150:430-9. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.082. Epub 2015 May 30.
Two sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric methods are proposed to determine ethopabate (ETH) and amprolium hydrochloride (AMP). First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry determines the natively fluorescent ethopabate at 288nm in presence of amprolium hydrochloride which is a non fluoresc
PMID 26057097

Sequence selective tagging of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) using PNAs.

Hong IS1, Greenberg MM2.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.Bioorg Med Chem Lett.2015 Nov 1;25(21):4918-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.042. Epub 2015 May 27.
8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) is a commonly formed DNA lesion that is useful as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Methods for detecting 8-oxodGuo at specific positions within DNA could be useful for correlating DNA damage with mutational hotspots and repair enzyme accessibility. We
PMID 26051648

Japanese Journal

Application and Equivalence Assessment for Determining Ethamsylate by Using Potassium Ferricyanide as Spectroscopic Probe Reagent

LIU Litao,LI Jing,LI Quanmin
Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry 26(11), 1163-1167, 2010-11-10
NAID 10027316101

Design and Fabrication of Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Sensor Chip for Electrochemical Measurement

Yamazaki Tomoyuki,Ikeda Takaaki,Kano Yoshiko [他],Hidekuni Takao,Makoto Ishida,Kazuaki Sawada
Jpn J Appl Phys 49(4), 04DL11-04DL11-4, 2010-04-25
… Potassium ferricyanide solution was measured to obtain results that fit well to the theoretical formula. …
NAID 150000053829

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「フェリシアン化カリウム」
関連記事	「ferricyanide」

「フェリシアン化カリウム」

Potassium ferricyanide
	IUPAC name Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
	Other names Red prussiate of Potash,; Prussian red,; Potassium ferricyanide
Identifiers
CAS number	13746-66-2
PubChem	26250
RTECS number	LJ8225000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES [C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[C-]#N.[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3] ;
	InChI InChI=1S/6CN.Fe.3K/c61-2;;;;/q6-1;+3;3*+1 ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C6N6FeK3
Molar mass	329.24 g/mol
Appearance	deep red crystals, sometimes small pellets, orange to dark red powder
Density	1.89 g/cm3, solid
Melting point	300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Boiling point	decomp.
Solubility in water	330 g/L ("cold water"); 464 g/L (20°C); 775 g/L ("hot water")
Solubility	slightly soluble in alcohol; soluble in acid; soluble in water
Structure
Crystal structure	monoclinic
Coordination; geometry	octahedral at Fe
Hazards
MSDS	MSDS
EU Index	Not listed
R-phrases	R20, R21, R22, R32
S-phrases	S26, S36
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium ferrocyanide
Other cations	Prussian blue
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
	(verify) (what is: /?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: potassium ferricyanide

「ferricyanide」

　　[★]

フェリシアン化物、フェリシアン化の　

[1] Kwong, H.-L. (2004). "Potassium Ferricyanide". In Paquette, L. Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. New York: J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289.

[2] Sharpe, A. G. (1976). The Chemistry of Cyano Complexes of the Transition Metals. London: Academic Press.

[3] "Chemicals". Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism. SkyPoint.

[4] Stroebel, L.; Zakia, R. D. (1993). "Farmer's Reducer". The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography. Focal Press. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-240-51417-8.

[5] Dunbar, K. R.; Heintz, R. A. (1997). "Chemistry of Transition Metal Cyanide Compounds: Modern Perspectives". Progress in Inorganic Chemistry 45. pp. 283–391. doi:10.1002/9780470166468.ch4.

[6] Carson, F. L. (1997). Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (2nd ed.). Chicago: American Society of Clinical Pathologists. pp. 209–211. ISBN 0-89189-411-X.

[7] Tafesse, F. (2003). "Comparative Studies on Prussian Blue or Diaquatetraamine-Cobalt(III) Promoted Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenylphosphate in Microemulsions" (pdf). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 4 (6): 362–370. doi:10.3390/i4060362.

[8] Verdaguer, M.; Galvez, N.; Garde, R.; Desplanches, C. (2002). "Electrons at Work in Prussian Blue Analogues" (pdf). Electrochemical Society Interface 11 (3): 28–32. doi:10.1002/chin.200304218.

[9] "MSDS for potassium ferricyanide".

匿名

検索

案内

案内

potassium ferricyanide