plaice

カレイ

関

flounder、Pleuronectes platessa

　 　 　

WordNet

1. large European food fish (同)Pleuronectes_platessa
2. flesh of large European flatfish
3. behave awkwardly; have difficulties; "She is floundering in college"
4. any of various European and non-European marine flatfish
5. flesh of any of various American and European flatfish
6. large American food fish (同)Hippoglossoides platessoides

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. カレイ・ヒラメの類
2. もがく,のたうつ / (当惑・混乱して)まごつく / つっかえつっかえ(…を)する《+『through』+『名』》
3. ヒラメ[科の魚]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/28 10:24:10」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Plaice (disambiguation).

European plaice

American plaice

Plaice is a common name used for a group of flatfish. There are four species in the group, the European, American, Alaskan and scale-eye plaice.

Commercially the most important plaice is the European plaice. This is the principal commercial flatfish in Europe. It is also widely fished recreationally, has potential as an aquaculture species, and is kept as an aquarium fish. Also commercially important is the American plaice.

The term plaice (plural plaice) comes from the 14th century Anglo-French plais. This in turn comes from the late Latin platessa, meaning flatfish, which originated from the Greek platys, meaning broad.

European plaice

World catch of European plaice in thousands of tonnes, based on FAO catch data

External images

Distribution map for European plaice (The Sea Around Us)

The European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) is a right-eyed flounder belonging to the Pleuronectidae family. They are a commercially important flatfish which lives on the sandy bottoms of the European shelf. They range geographically from the Barents Sea to the Mediterranean. European plaice are characterised by their smooth brown skin, with distinctive red spots and bony ridge behind the eyes. They feed on polychaetes, crustaceans and bivalves and can be found at depths up to 200 metres. At night they move into shallow waters to feed, and during the day they bury themselves in the sand. Their maximum recorded length is 100 cm (39.4 inches), and maximum reported age 50 years.

Together with sole, European plaice form a group of flatfish that are the most important flatfish in Europe. European plaice have been fished from the North Sea for hundreds of years. They are usually fished from beam trawlers, otter trawlers or seiners. In the Celtic Sea the plaice species is considered overfished.

Comparison of world catch by weight 2007 for European plaice, using FAO catch data

American plaice

World catch of American plaice in thousands of tonnes, based on FAO catch data

External images

Distribution map for American plaice (The Sea Around Us)

Like the European plaice, the American plaice is also a right eyed flatfish belonging to the Pleuronectidae family. American plaice are an Atlantic species. They range from southern Labrador to Rhode Island. They are also found in Europe, where they are called the rough dab or the long rough dab. They spawn in the Gulf of Maine, with peak activity in April and May. They are brown or reddish, and are generally smaller than European plaice with a rougher skin and larger scales. Their maximum recorded length is 82.6 cm (32.5 inches), and maximum reported age 30 years. They are usually found between depths of 90 metres and 250 metres on sandy bottoms with temperatures between -0.5 and 2.5°C. They feed on small fishes and invertebrates. The species is considered by the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization to be overfished, with no signs of recovery. On the other hand, the Canadian government believes the species is abundant. It is the second most caught flatfish in Canada, accounting for 50 percent of all flatfish caught.

American plaice may be an intermediate host for the nematode parasite Otostrongylus circumlitis, which is a lungworm of seals, primarily affecting animals less than 1 yr of age. They are also currently endangered in Canada due to overfishing.

Comparison of world catch by weight 2004 for American plaice, using FAO catch data

Alaska plaice

Alaska plaice can live for up to 30 years, and grow to 60 centimetres (24 inches) long, but most that get caught are only seven or eight years old, and about 30 cm (12 in).

Most commercial fisheries do not target Alaska plaice; but many are caught as bycatch by commercial trawlers trying to catch other bottom fish. Thus, many Alaska plaice get caught anyway - so much so that, for example, the 2005 total allowable catch in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands management area (BSAI) was reached before the end of May of that year.

Scale-eye plaice

The scale-eye plaice is a flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae. It is a demersal fish that lives at depths from between 18 metres (59 ft) to 900 metres (3,000 ft). It can reach 46 centimetres (18 in) in length and can weigh up to 1.2 kilograms (2.6 lb). Its native habitat is the northern Pacific, primarily from the Sea of Okhotsk to Japan and Korea, though it is also found in the Bering Sea.

Plaice as a food

In North German and Danish cuisine plaice is one of the most commonly eaten fishes. Filleted, battered and pan-fried plaice is popular hot or cold as an open sandwich topping together with remoulade sauce and lemon slices. Battered plaice can also be served hot with french fries and remoulade sauce as a main dish; this fish and chips variant is commonly available as a children's special in Danish restaurants. Breaded frozen plaice, ready to be baked or fried at home, are readily available in supermarkets. Fresh plaice is also oven-baked.

"The flesh of plaice is white, tender and subtle-flavoured." Plaice is sometimes used as the fish in fish and chips, in countries where the dish is popular.

Current status

Plaice, along with the other major demersal fish in the North Sea such as cod, monkfish and sole, is listed by the ICES as "outside safe biological limits." Moreover, they are growing less quickly now and are rarely older than six years, whereas they can reach forty. The World Wide Fund for Nature says that in 2006 that "of the eight plaice stocks recognised by ICES, only one is considered to be harvested sustainably while three are overexploited. Data is insufficient to assess the remaining stocks; however, landings for all stocks are at or near historical lows."

Notes

References

• Rijnsdorp, A.D. (1991) Changes in fecundity of female North Sea plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) between three periods since 1900. ICES Journal of Marine Science; 48: 253-280
• Wimpenny, R.S. (1953) The plaice being the buckland lectures. Publisher Edward Arnold
• Gibson, R.N. (2004) Flatfishes: Biology and Exploitation. Blackwell Publishing
• Clover, Charles. 2004. The End of the Line: How overfishing is changing the world and what we eat. Ebury Press, London. ISBN 0-09-189780-7
• 1998 Marine Fisheries Review article
• Bulletin announcing reaching the total allowable catch of Alaska plaice for 2005 (National Marine Fisheries Service)

External links

• Guide to Responsible Sourcing of Plaice - produced by Seafish http://www.seafish.org/upload/file/fisheries_management/Plaice%20Factsheet2%20%20final.pdf
  • Meet the Ekofish otter trawl plaice fishers Information about plaice Marine Stewardship Council.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 海産物アレルギー：魚介類 seafood allergies fish and shellfish

English Journal

• Packaged frozen fishery products: species identification, mislabeling occurrence and legislative implications.

• Di Pinto A1, Mottola A2, Marchetti P2, Bottaro M2, Terio V2, Bozzo G2, Bonerba E2, Ceci E2, Tantillo G2.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Mar 1;194:279-83. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.135. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
• Given the increase in the international trade of packaged frozen fishery products, this study used DNA barcoding to investigate the breaded hake and plaice species, sold in Italian markets. The results of this study generally matched the ingredient list on the food label. Only 6 of the 120 samples w
• PMID 26471555

• The use of biomarkers as integrative tools for transitional water bodies monitoring in the Water Framework Directive context - A holistic approach in Minho river transitional waters.

• Capela R1, Raimundo J2, Santos MM3, Caetano M2, Micaelo C2, Vale C2, Guimarães L4, Reis-Henriques MA5.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Jan 1;539:85-96. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.113. Epub 2015 Sep 8.
• The Water Framework Directive (WFD) provides an important legislative opportunity to promote and implement an integrated approach for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwaters. The transitional waters constitute a central piece as they are usually
• PMID 26356181

• The duplicated paired box protein 7 (pax7) genes differentially transcribed during Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) embryogenesis.

• Jiao S1, Tan X2, Li M3, Sui Y3, Du SJ4, You F1.
• Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology.Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol.2015 Nov;189:62-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
• PAX are important regulators of developmental processes. PAX7 plays crucial roles in patterning of the dorsal central nervous system (CNS), neural crest (NC), and skeletal muscle. Here, we identified six spliced isoforms of pax7a and one pax7b and characterized their expression patterns. All of flou
• PMID 26275626

• Transcriptional dynamics of immune, growth and stress related genes in skeletal muscle of the fine flounder (Paralichthys adpersus) during different nutritional statuses.

• Valenzuela CA1, Escobar D2, Perez L2, Zuloaga R1, Estrada JM3, Mercado L4, Valdés JA5, Molina A6.
• Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2015 Nov;53(1):145-57. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.06.007. Epub 2015 Jul 9.
• The effects of stress on immune activity and growth in early vertebrates have not been studied in detail. The present study used fine flounder (Paralichthys adspersus) skeletal muscle as a model to evaluate molecules involved in the stress response, including the glucocorticoid receptors, foxo1/3, a
• PMID 26165160

Japanese Journal

• Improving the effectiveness of escape windows in directed Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus trawl fisheries

• Madsen Niels,Holst Rene,Frandsen Rikke Petri [他],KRAG Ludvig A.
• Fisheries science : FS 78(5), 965-975, 2012-09-01
• NAID 10030871602

• 北海道日本海産アカガレイ,ヒレグロ,ウロコメガレイの年齢決定に関する耳石の表面観察法と薄片観察法の比較

• 星野 昇,山口 浩志,三原 行雄 [他]
• 北海道水産試験場研究報告 = Scientific reports of Hokkaido Fisheries Research Institutes (82), 1-7, 2012-09
• NAID 40019469789

• An assessment on the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in Icelandic waters by age-based ADAPT

• Li Jiuqi,Zhang Limei,Yin Zengqiang
• 数理水産科学 8, 94-104, 2010-12
• NAID 40018754546

• Fishing through time : population dynamics of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in the Kattegat-Skagerrak over a century

• Cardinale Massimiliano,Hagberg Jacob,Svedang Henrik [他],BARTOLINO Valerio,GEDAMKE Todd,HJELM Joakim,BORJESSON Patrik,NOREN Fredrik
• Population ecology 52(2), 251-262, 2010-04-01
• NAID 10027154805

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• THE PLACE | ただ楽しむために、この「場」はここにある。

食と人、人と人とがつながる喜び。そこにある体験。毎日のように行きたくなる、ぼくらのパブ。食と人、人と人とがつながる喜び。そこにある体験。毎日のように行きたくなる、ぼくらのパブ。

• @place 南2条店トップ

札幌市のインターネットカフェ＠PLACEリンクページ ... フリーメールサイト パソコン用アドレスが作成できるサイト 無料でメールアドレスの作成が可能 各サービスのID作成にも必要です。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「flounder」「カレイ」「Pleuronectes platessa」

「flounder」

　　[★]

ヒラメ

関

plaice、Pleuronectes platessa

　 　 　 　 　

「カレイ」

　　[★]

英

plaice、Pleuronectes platessa

関

ヒラメ

「Pleuronectes platessa」

　　[★]

カレイ

関

flounder、plaice