WordNet

an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness); "contrary to popular belief, glaucoma is not always caused by elevated intraocular pressure"

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あおそこひ,緑内障(視力が減退する眼病)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/02/25 22:53:10」(JST)

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Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is an affliction of the eye that can lead to a form of glaucoma known as pigmentary glaucoma. It takes place when pigment cells slough off from the back of the iris and float around in the aqueous humor. Over time, these pigment cells can accumulate in the anterior chamber in such a way that it can begin to clog the trabecular meshwork (the major site of aqueous humour drainage), which can in turn prevent the aqueous humour from draining and therefore increases the pressure inside the eye. With PDS, the intra ocular pressure tends to spike at times and then can return to normal. Exercise has been shown to contribute to spikes in pressure as well. When the pressure is great enough to cause damage to the optic nerve, this is called pigmentary glaucoma. As with all types of glaucoma, when damage happens to the optic nerve fibers, the vision loss that occurs is irreversible and painless.

This condition is rare, but occurs most often in Caucasians, particularly men, and the age of onset is relatively low: mid 20s to 40s. For some reason, after 40 years of age, the syndrome lessens and stops. Most sufferers are nearsighted.

There is no cure yet, but pigmentary glaucoma can be managed with eye drops or treated with simple surgeries. One of the surgeries is the YAG laser procedure in which a laser is used to break up the pigment clogs, and reduce pressure. If caught early and treated, chances of glaucoma are greatly reduced. Sufferers are often advised not to engage in high-impact sports such as long-distance running or martial arts, as strong impacts can cause more pigment cells to slough off.

References

External links

Glaucoma Research Foundation
Krukenberg's Spindle is a website designed specifically for people that have been diagnosed with Krukenberg's Spindles and/or Pigment Dispersion Syndrome
The New York Eye and Ear Infirmary

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1. 閉塞隅角緑内障 angle closure glaucoma
2. 原発性乳児緑内障 primary infantile glaucoma
3. 開放隅角緑内障：疫学、臨床症状、および診断 open angle glaucoma epidemiology clinical presentation and diagnosis
4. 幼児および小児における緑内障の概要 overview of glaucoma in infants and children
5. 眼の待機手術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for elective eye surgery

English Journal

Generation of reactive oxygen species in the anterior eye segment. Synergistic codrugs of N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye drops and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant act as a powerful therapeutic platform for the treatment of cataracts and primary open-angle glaucoma.

Babizhayev MA1.
BBA clinical.BBA Clin.2016 Apr 19;6:49-68. doi: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.04.004. eCollection 2016.
in

English, Russian•This work considers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) effects in the aging eye•The excessive oxidative damage is a major factor of the eye diseases (cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma)•The conventional antioxidants are not selectively taken up by mitochondr

PMID 27413694

Preoperative intraocular pressure as a predictor of selective laser trabeculoplasty efficacy.

Pillunat KR1, Spoerl E2, Elfes G2, Pillunat LE2.
Acta ophthalmologica.Acta Ophthalmol.2016 Nov;94(7):692-696. doi: 10.1111/aos.13094. Epub 2016 May 23.
PURPOSE: To identify predictors of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with high- and low-pressure primary open-angle glaucoma, who are already taking maximally tolerated IOP-lowering medication and need further IOP reduction.METHODS: In t
PMID 27213294

Change in visual acuity and associated risk factors after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C.

Kashiwagi K, Kogure S, Mabuchi F, Chiba T, Yamamoto T, Kuwayama Y, Araie M; Collaborative Bleb-Related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study Group.
Acta ophthalmologica.Acta Ophthalmol.2016 Nov;94(7):e561-e570. doi: 10.1111/aos.13058. Epub 2016 May 9.
PURPOSE: To report the 5-year incidence of visual impairment after mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy (MMC trabeculectomy) and the risk factors for visual impairment.METHODS: This is a multicentre prospective observational cohort study. Among glaucoma patients registered in the Collaborative Bleb-
PMID 27156361