physical science

自然科学

関

natural science

WordNet

1. relating to the sciences dealing with matter and energy; especially physics; "physical sciences"; "physical laws"
2. according with material things or natural laws (other than those peculiar to living matter); "a reflex response to physical stimuli"
3. characterized by energetic bodily activity; "a very physical dance performance"
4. concerned with material things; "physical properties"; "the physical characteristics of the earth"; "the physical size of a computer"
5. having substance or material existence; perceptible to the senses; "a physical manifestation"; "surrounded by tangible objects"
6. involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit; "physical exercise"; "physical suffering"; "was sloppy about everything but her physical appearance"
7. a particular branch of scientific knowledge; "the science of genetics" (同)scientific discipline

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『身体の,肉体の』(bodily) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『物質の』(material);『自然[界]の』 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『物理学の』,物理的な;自然科学の / 身体検査(physical examination)
2. 〈U〉『科学』;(特に)自然科学 / 〈C〉(個々の)科学,学問 / 〈U〉〈C〉(修練を要する)技術,わざ
3. 《古》医薬,(特に)下剤 / …‘に'薬を飲ませる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/17 13:11:40」(JST)

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Outline Portal Category

Physical science is the study of physics and chemistry of nature.^{[citation needed]} From the materialist and functionalist viewpoints it overlaps the life sciences where ecology studies the evidences of historical facts or evolution. Natural sciences bridge the phenomena in the physical sciences to the noumenon in the life sciences. The following is presented as an overview and topical guide of these physical sciences. It includes many simple machines.

General principles of the physical sciences

The foundations of the physical sciences rests upon key concepts and theories, each of which explains and/or models a particular aspect of the behavior of nature.

Basic principles of physics

Physics along with Mathematics and Chemistry is one of the "fundamental sciences" because the other natural sciences like biology, geology etc., deal with systems that seem to obey the laws of physics. According to Physics, the physical laws of matter, energy and the fundamental forces of nature govern the interactions between particles and physical entities (such as planets, molecules, atoms or the subatomic particles). Some of the basic pursuits of physics, which include some of the most prominent developments in modern science in the last millennium, are:

• Describing the nature, measuring and quantifying of bodies and their motion, dynamics etc.
  • Newton's laws of motion
  • Mass, force and weight
  • Momentum and conservation of energy
  • Gravity, theories of gravity
  • Energy, work, and their relationship
  • Motion, position, and energy
  • Different forms of Energy, their interconversion and the inevitable loss of energy in the form of heat (Thermodynamics)
  • Energy conservation, conversion, and transfer.
  • Energy source the transfer of energy from one source to work in another.
• Kinetic molecular theory
  • Phases of matter and phase transitions
  • Temperature and thermometers
  • Energy and heat
  • Heat flow: conduction, convection, and radiation
  • The three laws of thermodynamics
• The principles of waves and sound
• The principles of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetism
• The principles, sources, and properties of light

Basic principles of astronomy

Astronomy is the science of celestial bodies and their interactions in space. Its studies includes the following:

• The life and characteristics of stars and galaxies
• Origins of the universe. Physical science uses the Big Bang theory as the commonly accepted scientific theory of the origin of the universe [citation?]
• A heliocentric Solar System. Ancient cultures saw the Earth as the centre of the Solar System or universe (geocentrism). In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System.
• The structure of solar systems, planets, comets, asteroids, and meteors
• The shape and structure of Earth (roughly spherical, see also Spherical Earth)
• Earth in the Solar System
• Time measurement
• The composition and features of the Moon
• Interactions of the Earth and Moon

(Note: Astronomy should not be confused with astrology, which assumes that people's destiny and human affairs in general are correlated to the apparent positions of astronomical objects in the sky -- although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the scientific method, while astrologers do not.)

Basic principles of chemistry

Chemistry, built upon concepts from physics, addresses phenomena associated with the structure, composition and energetics of matter as well as the changes it undergoes. Often known as the central science, chemistry connects the fundamental laws of physics to engineering and other natural sciences such as biology, earth science, astronomy and material science

Chemistry, the central science, partial ordering of the sciences proposed by Balaban and Klein.

• Physical chemistry
  • Chemical thermodynamics
  • Reaction kinetics
  • Molecular structure
  • Quantum chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
• Theoretical chemistry
  • Electron configuration
  • Molecular modelling
  • Molecular dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
• Computational chemistry
  • Mathematical chemistry
  • Cheminformatics
• Nuclear chemistry
  • The nature of the atomic nucleus
  • Characterization of radioactive decay
  • Nuclear reactions
• Organic chemistry
  • Organic compounds
  • Organic reaction
  • Functional groups
  • Organic synthesis
• Inorganic chemistry
  • Inorganic compounds
  • Crystal structure
  • Coordination chemistry
  • Solid-state chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Analytical chemistry
  • Instrumental analysis
  • Electroanalytical method
  • Wet chemistry
• Electrochemistry
  • Redox reaction
• Materials chemistry

Basic principles of earth science

Earth science is the science of the planet Earth, the only identified life-bearing planet. Its studies include the following:

• The water cycle and the process of transpiration
• Freshwater
• Oceanography
  • Weathering and erosion
  • Rocks
• Agrophysics
• Soil science
  • Pedogenesis
  • Soil fertility
• Earth's tectonic structure
• Geomorphology and geophysics
  • Physical geography
  • Seismology: stress, strain, and earthquakes
  • Characteristics of mountains and volcanoes
• Characteristics and formation of fossils
• Atmosphere of Earth
  • Atmospheric pressure and winds
  • Evaporation, condensation, and humidity
  • Fog and clouds
• Meteorology, weather, climatology, and climate
  • Hydrology, clouds and precipitation
  • Air masses and weather fronts
  • Major storms: thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes
  • Major climate groups
• Speleology
  • Cave

Basic principles of atmospheric science

See Atmospheric_sciences

Notable physical scientists

• List of physicists
• List of chemists

External links

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 高齢者における身体活動および運動 physical activity and exercise in older adults
• 2. 小児における身体的診察：一般原則および標準的な測定 the pediatric physical examination general principles and standard measurements
• 3. 動静脈グラフトの身体的診察 physical examination of the arteriovenous graft
• 4. 物理性蕁麻疹 physical urticarias
• 5. 腹痛を有する成人における既往歴および身体的診察 history and physical examination in adults with abdominal pain

English Journal

• Asymptotic identity in min-plus algebra: a report on CPNS.

• Li M, Zhao W.SourceSchool of Information Science & Technology, East China Normal University, No. 500 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China. ming_lihk@yahoo.com
• Computational and mathematical methods in medicine.Comput Math Methods Med.2012;2012:154038. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
• Network calculus is a theory initiated primarily in computer communication networks, especially in the aspect of real-time communications, where min-plus algebra plays a role. Cyber-physical networking systems (CPNSs) are recently developing fast and models in data flows as well as systems in CPNS a
• PMID 21822446

• Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke: biological consequences and exercise-induced adaptations.

• Billinger SA, Coughenour E, Mackay-Lyons MJ, Ivey FM.SourceDepartment of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Mail Stop 2002, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
• Stroke research and treatment.Stroke Res Treat.2012;2012:959120. Epub 2011 Aug 14.
• Evidence from several studies consistently shows decline in cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness and physical function after disabling stroke. The broader implications of such a decline to general health may be partially understood through negative poststroke physiologic adaptations such as unilateral mus
• PMID 21876848

Japanese Journal

• Performance of Piezoelectric Power Generation of Multilayered Poly(vinylidene fluoride) under High Mechanical Strain

• Nakajima Takashi,Okaya Keiko,Ohta Kanako,Furukawa Takeo,Okamura Soichiro
• Jpn J Appl Phys 50(9), 09ND14-09ND14-5, 2011-09-25
• In this study, we examine the effective usage of a piezoelectric polymer for electric power generation on the basis of polymeric features such as high robustness, high flexibility, and easy formabilit …
• NAID 150000058019

• Preparation of Barium Titanate--Potassium Niobate Nanostructured Ceramics with Artificial Morphotropic Phase Boundary Structure By Solvothermal Method

• Wada Satoshi,Shimizu Shigehito,Yamashita Kenta,Fujii Ichiro,Nakashima Kouichi,Kumada Nobuhiro,Kuroiwa Yoshihiro,Fujikawa Yoshinori,Tanaka Daisuke,Furukawa Masato
• Jpn J Appl Phys 50(9), 09NC08-09NC08-6, 2011-09-25
• Barium titanate (BaTiO₃, BT)--potassium niobate (KNbO₃, KN) (BT--KN) nanostructured ceramics with a distorted interface region, i.e., artificial morphotro …
• NAID 150000058000

Related Links

• Outline of physical science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of natural science and science that study non-living systems, in contrast to the life sciences. However, the term "physical" creates an unintended, somewhat arbitrary distinction, since ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「natural science」
関連記事	「physical」「science」

「natural science」

　　[★]

• 自然科学

関

physical science

「physical」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 物理的な、理学的な、物理学的な、身体的な、肉体的な

関

physically

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「science」

　　[★]

• 科学、サイエンス

関

sci