WordNet

relating to the sciences dealing with matter and energy; especially physics; "physical sciences"; "physical laws"
according with material things or natural laws (other than those peculiar to living matter); "a reflex response to physical stimuli"
characterized by energetic bodily activity; "a very physical dance performance"
concerned with material things; "physical properties"; "the physical characteristics of the earth"; "the physical size of a computer"
having substance or material existence; perceptible to the senses; "a physical manifestation"; "surrounded by tangible objects"
involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit; "physical exercise"; "physical suffering"; "was sloppy about everything but her physical appearance"
(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease (同)medication, medicament, medicinal drug
the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries; "he studied medicine at Harvard" (同)practice of medicine
the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques (同)medical_specialty

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『身体の,肉体の』(bodily) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『物質の』(material);『自然[界]の』 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『物理学の』,物理的な;自然科学の / 身体検査(physical examination)
〈U〉『医学』,医術;医[師]業 / 〈C〉〈U〉(外用薬以外の)『薬』[『剤』],内服薬 / 〈U〉(北米インディアンの間で行われる)病気(悪霊)を追い払うまじない
《古》医薬,(特に)下剤 / …‘に'薬を飲ませる

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/29 09:13:53」(JST)

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Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatry /fɨˈzaɪ.ətri/ or rehabilitation medicine, is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities. A physician having completed training in this field is referred to as a physiatrist or rehabilitation medicine specialist. Physiatrists specialize in restoring optimal function to people with injuries to the muscles, bones, tissues, and nervous system (such as stroke patients).^[1]

Scope of the field

Common conditions that are treated by the rehabilitation therapists include amputation, spinal cord injury, sports injury, stroke, musculoskeletal pain syndromes such as low back pain, fibromyalgia, and traumatic brain injury. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation involves optimizing function in those afflicted with heart or lung disease. Chronic pain management is achieved through a multidisciplinary approach involving psychologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, exercise therapists, anesthesiologist, and interventional procedures when indicated. In addition to the previous methodology, stroke is often treated with the help of a speech therapist and recreational therapist when possible.^[2] Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians utilized electrodiagnostic medicine studies to help diagnose patients with symptoms of numbness, cramps or tingling.

History

The term 'physiatry' was coined by Dr. Frank H. Krusen in 1938. The term was accepted by the American Medical Association in 1946. The field grew notably during World War II to accommodate the large number of injured soldiers.^[3]

Treatment

The major concern that PM&R deals with as a medical field is the ability of a person to function optimally within the limitations placed upon them by a disabling impairment or disease process for which there is no known cure. The emphasis is not on the full restoration to the premorbid level of function, but rather the optimization of the quality of life for those not able to achieve full restoration. A team approach to chronic conditions is emphasized to coordinate care of patients. Comprehensive Rehabilitation is provided by specialists in this field, who act as a facilitator, team leader, and medical expert for rehabilitation.

Training

Subspecialties

Six formal sub-specializations are recognized by the field in the United States:

Hospice and Palliative Medicine
Neuromuscular Medicine
Pain Medicine
Pediatric Rehabilitation
Spinal Cord Injury Medicine
Sports Medicine

Other subspecialties within the field that are recognized include the following:^{[citation needed]}

Musculoskeletal pain management
Intervention physiatry
Surgical rehabilitation
Rheumatological rehabilitation
Obesity and other lifestyle disease modifications
Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation
Amputee care
Electrodiagnostic medicine
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

References

^ "What is Physiatry? - HSS". Hss.edu. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
^ Frontera, W.R. (ed.). (2010). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
^ Grabois, M.; Garrison, S.J.; Hart, K.A; Lehmkuhl, L.D, eds. (2000). Physical medicine and rehabilitation : the complete approach. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Science. ISBN 978-0865425361.

External links

What Is PM&R? gives a PM&R resident's description of the specialty and its appeal as a physician

UpToDate Contents

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Diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

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Comparative analysis of realistic CT-scan and simplified human airway models in airflow simulation.

Johari NH1, Osman K, Helmi NH, Abdul Kadir MA.
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Japanese Journal

Relationship between Exhaled Hydrogen and Human Neutrophil Function in the Japanese General Population

Tanikawa Ryoko,Takahashi Ippei,Okubo Noriyuki,Ono Masami,Okumura Toshiki,Ishibashi Goshi,Takeishi Yosuke,Nakayama Maki,Yano Tomohiko,Kumasaka Yoshihiro,Nakaji Shigeyuki
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NAID 110009838238