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a writing implement with a point from which ink flows
an enclosure for confining livestock
female swan

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(インクを用いる筆記具全体をさして)『ペン』;万年筆,ポールペン,フェルトペン;ペン先 / 〈U〉《the~》文筆,著述 / 〈C〉《単数形で》《文》文筆家 / 《気どって》…‘を'書く,著す(write)
〈C〉(家畜などを入れる)『おり』 / 《集合的に》ありの中の動物 / 〈C〉(監禁・保護に使われる)囲い,幼児用遊びわく(playpen) / (囲い・ありなどに)…‘を'入れる,閉じ込める,監禁する《+『名』+[『up』]『in』+『名』》
刑務所[penitentiaryの短縮形]

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/01 08:10:07」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Faropenem, a penem. Note sulfur and double bond in ring.

Benzylpenicillin, a penam. Note the absence of the double bond in the ring. This is NOT a penEm

Imipenem, a carbapenem. Although imipenem has a sulfur, the sulfur is not in the ring.

A penem is a type of unsaturated β-lactam.

An example is faropenem.^[1]

Penems are similar in structure to carbapenems. However, where penems have a sulfur, carbapenems have another carbon.^[2]

There are no known naturally occurring penems; all of them are synthetically made.

Structure

Penem molecules do not occur naturally, and production of penems is an entirely synthetic process.

Although structurally distinct, the penems are often confused with the carbapenem class of drugs.

Five main penem subgroups — thiopenems, oxypenems, aminopenems, alkylpenems, and arylpenems — have been produced and are distinguished by the side chain (at position 2) of the unsaturated five-membered ring. One structurally distinct penem is BRL 42715. This molecule has no substitution at the above position, but has a bulky group attached to the β-lactam ring, and it displays effective inhibition of class C β-lactamases, but no antimicrobial activity.

One possible consequence of these structural differences of penems from other β-lactams may be reduced immunogenicity and immunogenic cross-reactivity

References

^ Milazzo I, Blandino G, Caccamo F, Musumeci R, Nicoletti G, Speciale A (March 2003). "Faropenem, a new oral penem: antibacterial activity against selected anaerobic and fastidious periodontal isolates". Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 51 (3): 721–5. doi:10.1093/jac/dkg120. PMID 12615878.
^ "Medscape.com".

English Journal

Incompatibility of ciprofloxacin and meropenem injections.

Chen LY, Chen J, Waters V, Boodhan S.SourceDepartment of Pharmacylori.chen@sickkids.ca.
American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.Am J Health Syst Pharm.2013 Nov 15;70(22):1966-70. doi: 10.2146/ajhp130339.
PMID 24173004

Evaluation of Ertapenem use with Impact Assessment on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) Production and Gram-Negative resistance in Singapore General Hospital (SGH).

Lim CL, Lee W, Lee AL, Liew LT, Nah SC, Wan CN, Chlebicki MP, Kwa AL.AbstractBACKGROUND: Ertapenem (preferred choice for ESBL-producing organisms) use exhibited an increasing trend from 2006 to 2008. As extensive use of ertapenem might induce the mutation of resistant bacteria strains to ertapenem, we aimed to assess the appropriateness and impact of ertapenem-use, on ESBL production, the trends of gram-negative bacterial resistance and on the utilization of other antibiotics in our institution.
BMC infectious diseases.BMC Infect Dis.2013 Nov 6;13(1):523. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Ertapenem (preferred choice for ESBL-producing organisms) use exhibited an increasing trend from 2006 to 2008. As extensive use of ertapenem might induce the mutation of resistant bacteria strains to ertapenem, we aimed to assess the appropriateness and impact of ertapenem-use, on ESBL p
PMID 24195651

Carbapenem resistance and acquired class D beta-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii from Croatia 2009-2010.

Vranić-Ladavac M, Bedenić B, Minandri F, Ištok M, Bošnjak Z, Frančula-Zaninović S, Ladavac R, Visca P.SourceCounty of Istria Public Health Institute, Nazorova 23, 52100, Pula, Croatia.
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2013 Nov 6. [Epub ahead of print]
The molecular epidemiology and the genetic basis of carbapenem resistance was investigated in 185 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from 13 centers of northern Croatia and Istria during 2009-2010. All isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 35 % (n = 64) were resistant to both imipenem a
PMID 24197438

Japanese Journal

Regioselective ring expansion of 3,3-dimethylaziridin-2-carboxylate and a photochemical entry to the penem nucleus

White James D.,Furuta Takuya
Heterocycles 79(1), 347-352, 2009-04-01
NAID 40016543067

ハイリスク報告から推定される内科入院患者のMRSA検出危険度

島田憲明,岡村央,渡部江津子,清水彩加,三浦邦久
環境感染 22(1), 23-27, 2007-03-30
… In particular, patients who received penem or penicillin antibiotics tended to show high rates of MRSA infection. …
NAID 10024358042

Faropenem(ファロム錠【○!R】)の健常成人と感染症患者における母集団薬物動態解析

廣岡秀樹,宗政博,宮田幸治,柴孝也,谷川原祐介
臨床薬理 = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 36(4), 197-207, 2005-07-31
… Faropenem (FRPM) is an oral penem antibacterial medicine with a high stability to beta-lactamase which has a broad antibacterial spectrum and a strong antibacterial activity to gram positive bacteria, and gram negative bacteria, except for <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I> …
NAID 10016651121

Related Pictures

Metalowy długopis reklamowy z touch penem New Orleans | Videodruk Metalowy długopis reklamowy COSMO SLIM z touch penem | Videodruk Metalowy długopis reklamowy BOND z touch penem | Videodruk Taiwan Penem Powder for Injection 500mg | Taiwantrade.com International Trade Division “信東”沛能靜脈注射劑 {Penem for I.V. Injection} @ 藥要看 Pharmaceutical Injections - Doripenem Injection Manufacturer from Mohali

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ペネム系抗生物質」「ペネム」「penem antibiotic」
拡張検索	「lenapenem hydrochloride hydrate」「imipenem hydrate」