WordNet

in a paternal manner; "he behaves very paternally toward his young bride"
characteristic of a father
belonging to or inherited from ones father; "spent his childhood on the paternal farm"; "paternal traits"

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父の;父らしい;父親から受けた / 父方の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/14 22:06:42」(JST)

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Father playing with his baby

A paternal bond refers to the relationship between a father and his child.^[1] In the U.S., legal paternity is presumed for the husband of the mother unless a separate action is taken; an unmarried man may establish paternity by signing a voluntary recognition of paternity or by taking court action.^[2] Paternity may also be established between a man and a younger person, commonly in adoption, without the two being biologically related.

Fatherhood

The father of a child can develop the bond during the pregnancy of his partner, feeling attachment to the developing child. Research indicates that this may have some biological basis.^[3] Statistics show that fathers' levels of testosterone tend to decline several months before the birth of the child. Since high testosterone levels seem to encourage more aggressive behaviour, low levels may enhance the ability to develop a new relationship bond (i.e. with the child).^[4]

Fathers find many ways to strengthen the father-child bond with their children, such as soothing, consoling, feeding (expressed breast milk, infant formula, or baby food), changing diapers, bathing, dressing, playing, and cuddling. Carrying the infant in a sling or backpack or pushing him or her in a baby transport can build the bond, as can participating in the baby's bedtime routine.

References

^ Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 2006. "Measuring Father Involvement in Young Children's Lives." National Center for Education Statistics. Fathers of U.S. children born in 2001.
^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Support Enforcement. "Handbook on Child Support Enforcement." (Washington, DC: Author) [1]
^ Linda F. Palmer. "Bonding Matters: The Chemistry of Attachment." Attachment Parenting International News: Vol. 5, No. 2, 2002.
^ Douglas Carlton Abrams, "The Making of a Modern Dad." Psychology Today, Mar/Apr 2002.

UpToDate Contents

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1. DNA父子鑑定検査 paternity testing using dna
2. Rh（D）同種免疫を合併した妊娠のマネージメント management of pregnancy complicated by rhesus d alloimmunization
3. プルーンベリー症候群 prune belly syndrome
4. 妊婦の（抗D抗体を除く）不規則抗赤血球同種抗体のマネージメント management of non rhesus d red blood cell alloantibodies during pregnancy
5. ガラクトース血症：臨床的特徴および診断 galactosemia clinical features and diagnosis

English Journal

Elevated expression of PEG10 in human placentas from preeclamptic pregnancies.

Chen H, Sun M, Zhao G, Liu J, Gao W, Si S, Meng T.SourceDepartment of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
Acta histochemica.Acta Histochem.2012 Oct;114(6):589-93. Epub 2011 Dec 2.
The aim of this study was to determine qualitative and quantitative changes in paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) expression in preeclamptic placentas. Placental tissues were obtained immediately after delivery from women with normal pregnancies (n=20) and patients with preeclampsia (n=20). Quanti
PMID 22137777

Expression of delta-like 1 homologue and insulin-like growth factor 2 through epigenetic regulation of the genes during development of mouse molar.

Khan QE, Sehic A, Skalleberg N, Landin MA, Khuu C, Risnes S, Osmundsen H.SourceDepartment of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
European journal of oral sciences.Eur J Oral Sci.2012 Aug;120(4):292-302. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00976.x.
Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) are two of six well-studied mouse imprinted gene clusters that are paternally expressed. Their expression is also linked to their maternally expressed non-coding RNAs, encoded by Gene trap locus 2 (Gtl2) and Imprinted maternally exp
PMID 22813219

Japanese Journal

SRD Young Investigator Award 2011 : Roles of Genes Regulated by Two Paternally Methylated Imprinted Regions on Chromosomes 7 and 12 in Mouse Ontogeny

KAWAHARA Manabu,KONO Tomohiro
The journal of reproduction and development 58(2), 175-179, 2012-04
NAID 40019238656

Cold-shock eliminates female nucleus in fertilized eggs to induce androgenesis in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), a teleost fish.

Morishima Kagayaki,Fujimoto Takafumi,Sato Mami,Kawae Ayako,Zhao Yan,Yamaha Etsuro,Arai Katsutoshi
BMC Biotechnology 11(1), 116, 2011-11-29
… All-male inheritance was verified by the expression of the recessive color trait (albino or orange) and microsatellite genotypes comprising only paternally derived alleles. …
NAID 120003702855