WordNet

characteristic of a father
belonging to or inherited from ones father; "spent his childhood on the paternal farm"; "paternal traits"
the state of being a father; "tests were conducted to determine paternity"
based on or tracing descent through the male line; "a patrilineal society" (同)patrilinear
in a paternal manner; "he behaves very paternally toward his young bride"
the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good
benevolent but sometimes intrusive

PrepTutorEJDIC

父の;父らしい;父親から受けた / 父方の
父であること(fatherhood);父系
父たること;(政治・雇用関係における)温情主義,家族主義
温情主義の,家族主義的な

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/30 15:25:30」(JST)

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This article is about the paternal bond. For a definition of the word "paternal", see the Wiktionary entry paternal.

Father playing with his baby

A paternal bond refers to the relationship between a father and his child.^[1] In the U.S., legal paternity is presumed for the husband of the mother unless a separate action is taken; an unmarried man may establish paternity by signing a voluntary recognition of paternity or by taking court action.^[2] Paternity may also be established between a man and a younger person, commonly in adoption, without the two being biologically related.

Fatherhood[edit]

The father of a child can develop the bond during the pregnancy of his partner, feeling attachment to the developing child. Research indicates that this may have some biological basis.^[3] Statistics show that fathers' levels of testosterone tend to decline several months before the birth of the child. Since high testosterone levels seem to encourage more aggressive behaviour^{[citation needed]}, low levels may enhance the ability to develop a new relationship bond (i.e. with the child).^[4]

Fathers find many ways to strengthen the father-child bond with their children, such as soothing, consoling, feeding (expressed breast milk, infant formula, or baby food), changing diapers, bathing, dressing, playing, and cuddling. Carrying the infant in a sling or backpack or pushing him or her in a baby transport can build the bond, as can participating in the baby's bedtime routine.

References[edit]

^ Early Childhood Longitudinal Study 2006. "Measuring Father Involvement in Young Children's Lives." National Center for Education Statistics. Fathers of U.S. children born in 2001.
^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Support Enforcement. "Handbook on Child Support Enforcement." (Washington, DC: Author) [1]
^ Linda F. Palmer. "Bonding Matters: The Chemistry of Attachment." Attachment Parenting International News: Vol. 5, No. 2, 2002.
^ Douglas Carlton Abrams, "The Making of a Modern Dad." Psychology Today, Mar/Apr 2002.

UpToDate Contents

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1. Paternity testing using DNA
2. Rh（D）同種免疫を合併した妊娠のマネージメント management of pregnancy complicated by rhesus d alloimmunization
3. プルーンベリー症候群 prune belly syndrome
4. 妊娠中の非Rh（D）RBC同種抗体のマネージメント management of non rh d red blood cell alloantibodies during pregnancy
5. 産科における染色体マイクロアレイの利用 use of chromosomal microarray in obstetrics

English Journal

Spermatogenesis.

Chu DS, Shakes DC.SourceDepartment of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, USA, chud@sfsu.edu.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2013;757:171-203.
During spermatogenesis, pluripotent germ cells differentiate to become efficient delivery vehicles to the oocyte of paternal DNA. Though male and female germ cells both undergo meiosis to produce haploid complements of DNA, at the same time they also each undergo distinct differentiation processes t
PMID 22872478

Evaluating the localization and DNA binding complexity of histones in mature sperm.

Miller D, Paradowska A.SourceLeeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK, D.Miller@leeds.ac.uk.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2013;927:459-75.
The paternal genome in many animal taxa is efficiently packaged into the sperm nucleus by switching from a histone (nucleosome)-based chromatin configuration to one using predominantly protamines. Nonetheless, various studies have shown that some nucleosomes, often containing modified histones are r
PMID 22992937

Quantitative trait loci for body growth and sex determination in the hermaphrodite teleost fish Sparus aurata L.

Loukovitis D, Sarropoulou E, Batargias C, Apostolidis AP, Kotoulas G, Tsigenopoulos CS, Chatziplis D.SourceAnimal Breeding and Genetics, Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Sindos, 57400, Greece; Laboratory of Ichthyology and Fisheries, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
Animal genetics.Anim Genet.2012 Dec;43(6):753-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02346.x. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) is an important marine fish in Mediterranean aquaculture. Sex determination by age and/or body weight is a critical life-history trait, the genetic basis for which is largely unknown in this sequential hermaphrodite species. Herein, we performed a partial genome
PMID 22497460

Japanese Journal

父親の産後うつ

竹原健二,須藤茉衣子
小児保健研究 71(3), 343-349, 2012-05
NAID 40019283471

学校現場における不登校児への行動論的アプローチ : 保護者への心理教育および父親の介入が効果的に作用した中学生の症例を通して

前田直樹,高山巖,園田順一
心身医学 52(2), 141-147, 2012-02-01
本研究では,不登校児の保護者を中心とした行動論的アプローチの効果について検討した.症例は慢性的な不登校状態にあった中学1年生(13歳)の男子であった.本研究では行動論的アプローチとして次の2つの段階を設定した.1つ目はスクールカウンセラーによる保護者への行動論的心理教育であり,2つ目は父親の同伴登校であった.これらの支援方法により6カ月間支援を行った結果,対象児は教室に復帰し,半年後のフォローアッ …
NAID 110009327655