WordNet

make a score (on a hole) equal to par
(golf) the standard number of strokes set for each hole on a golf course, or for the entire course; "a par-5 hole"; "par for this course is 72"
a thin fragment or slice (especially of wood) that has been shaved from something (同)sliver, shaving
(usually plural) a part of a fruit or vegetable that is pared or cut off; especially the skin or peel; "she could peel an apple with a single long paring"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉同等,同価,同水準,同程度 / (また『par value』)〈U〉平価,額面価格 / 〈U〉(程度・質・状態・数量などの)平均,標準;(精神・健康などの)常態 / 〈C〉(ゴルフで)標準打数,パー / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》平均の,標準の / 額面の
(ゴルフで)〈1ホールまたは1コース〉‘を'基準打数でとる,パーで上がる
〈U〉(皮を)むくこと,削ること / 〈C〉《複数形で》むいた皮,削りくず
とうちゃん(papa)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/24 10:25:26」(JST)

wiki en

Brodmann area 44, or BA44, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to premotor cortex (BA6) and on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9.

This area is also known as pars opercularis (of the inferior frontal gyrus), and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (H). Thus, it is bounded caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus (H) and rostrally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus (H). It surrounds the diagonal sulcus (H). In the depth of the lateral sulcus it borders on the insula. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally and dorsally by the agranular frontal area 6, dorsally by the granular frontal area 9 and rostrally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909).

Functions

Together with left-hemisphere BA 45, the left hemisphere^[1] BA 44 comprises Broca's area a region involved in semantic tasks. Some data suggest that BA44 is more involved in phonological and syntactic processing. Some recent findings also suggest the implication of this region in music perception.^[2] Recent neuroimaging studies show BA44 involvement in selective response suppression in go/no- go tasks and is therefore believed to play an important role in the suppression of response tendencies.^[3] Neuroimaging studies also demonstrate that area 44 is related to hand movements.^[4]

Trivia

Scott Flansburg of San Diego, California is a "human calculator" who can perform complex arithmetic in his head. Profiled on the TV show Stan Lee's Superhumans, his brain was scanned using fMRI while doing complex calculations, which showed brain activity in this region was absent. Instead there was activity somewhat higher from area 44 and closer to the motor cortex.^[5]^{[citation needed]}

Image

Animation.
Frontal view.
Lateral view.

Notes and references

^ In 95.5% of right-handers and 61.4% of left-handers, therefore about 92% of the clinical population, speech is lateralised in the left hemisphere.
^ Brown, Steven, Michael J. Martinez, and Lawrence M. Parsons (2006). "Music and language side by side in the brain: a PET study of the generation of melodies and sentences" (PDF). European Journal of Neuroscience 23: 2791–2803. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04785.x. PMID 16817882.
^ Forstmann, Birte U.; Van den Wildenberg, Wery P.M. and Ridderinkhof, Richard K (2008). Neural Mechanisms, Temporal Dynamics, and Individual Differences in Interference Control. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20:10, pp. 1854-65.
^ Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2002). "Motor and cognitive functions of the ventral premotor cortex". Current Opinion in Neurobiology 12: 149–154. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00308-2. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
^ "Electro Man: Episode 101". Stan Lee's Superhumans. August 5, 2011.

External links

For Neuroanatomy of this area visit BrainInfo

This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 原発性眼障害関連の網膜血管炎 retinal vasculitis associated with primary ocular disorders
2. ブドウ膜炎：病因、臨床症状、および診断 uveitis etiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
3. 網膜剥離 retinal detachment
4. 視神経炎：病態生理、臨床的特徴、および診断 optic neuritis pathophysiology clinical features and diagnosis
5. サルコイドーシスの肺外の症状 extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis

English Journal

Functional activation independently contributes to naming ability and relates to lesion site in post-stroke aphasia.

Skipper-Kallal LM1, Lacey EH1,2, Xing S1,3, Turkeltaub PE1,2.
Human brain mapping.Hum Brain Mapp.2017 Apr;38(4):2051-2066. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23504. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
PMID 28083891

Reduced perfusion in Broca's area in developmental stuttering.

Desai J1,2, Huo Y3, Wang Z3, Bansal R2,4, Williams SC5, Lythgoe D5, Zelaya FO5, Peterson BS2,4.
Human brain mapping.Hum Brain Mapp.2017 Apr;38(4):1865-1874. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23487. Epub 2016 Dec 30.
PMID 28035724

The role of the IFG and pSTS in syntactic prediction: Evidence from a parametric study of hierarchical structure in fMRI.

Matchin W1, Hammerly C2, Lau E3.
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior.Cortex.2017 Mar;88:106-123. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.12.010. Epub 2016 Dec 18.
PMID 28088041