神経葉、下垂体後葉
WordNet
- make a score (on a hole) equal to par
- (golf) the standard number of strokes set for each hole on a golf course, or for the entire course; "a par-5 hole"; "par for this course is 72"
- a thin fragment or slice (especially of wood) that has been shaved from something (同)sliver, shaving
- (usually plural) a part of a fruit or vegetable that is pared or cut off; especially the skin or peel; "she could peel an apple with a single long paring"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈U〉同等,同価,同水準,同程度 / (また『par value』)〈U〉平価,額面価格 / 〈U〉(程度・質・状態・数量などの)平均,標準;(精神・健康などの)常態 / 〈C〉(ゴルフで)標準打数,パー / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》平均の,標準の / 額面の
- (ゴルフで)〈1ホールまたは1コース〉‘を'基準打数でとる,パーで上がる
- 〈U〉(皮を)むくこと,削ること / 〈C〉《複数形で》むいた皮,削りくず
- とうちゃん(papa)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/30 03:36:45」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Posterior pituitary |
|
Pituitary gland. Posterior pituitary is in blue. Pars nervosa and infundibular stalk are not labeled, but pars nervosa is at bottom and infundibular stalk is at top.)
|
|
Median sagittal through the hypophysis of an adult monkey. (Posterior lobe labeled at bottom right.)
|
| Details |
| Precursor |
Neural tube (downward-growth of the diencephalon)[1] |
| Artery |
inferior hypophyseal artery |
| Vein |
hypophyseal vein |
| Identifiers |
| Latin |
Pars nervosa glandulae pituitariae,
pars nervosa hypophyseos,
lobus posterior hypophyseos |
| MeSH |
A06.407.747.734 |
| NeuroLex ID |
Neurohypophosis |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
Posterior pituitary hormones |
| TA |
A11.1.00.006 |
| FMA |
74628 |
| Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
|
The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. The posterior pituitary is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and is also a store for the later release of neurohypophysial hormones.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 2 Function
- 3 Clinical significance
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
- 7 Additional images
Structure
The posterior pituitary consists mainly of neuronal projections (axons) of magnocellular neurosecretory cells extending from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. These axons store and release neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin into the neurohypohyseal capillaries, from there they get into the systemic circulation (and partly back into the hypophyseal portal system). In addition to axons, the posterior pituitary also contains pituicytes, specialized glial cells resembling astrocytes assisting in the storage and release of the hormones.[2]
Classification of the posterior pituitary varies, but most sources include the two regions below:
- Pars nervosa
- Also called the neural lobe or posterior lobe, this region constitutes the majority of the posterior pituitary and is the storage site of oxytocin and vasopressin. Sometimes (incorrectly) considered synonymous with the posterior pituitary, the pars nervosa includes Herring bodies and pituicytes.[3]
- Infundibular stalk
- Also known as the infundibulum or pituitary stalk, the infundibular stalk bridges the hypothalamic and hypophyseal systems.
The median eminence is only occasionally included as part of the posterior pituitary. Other sources specifically exclude it from the pituitary.[4]
A few sources include the pars intermedia as part of the posterior lobe, but this is a minority view. It is based upon the gross anatomical separation of the posterior and anterior pituitary along the cystic remnants of Rathke's pouch, causing the pars intermedia to remain attached to the neurohypophysis.
Function
Hormone secretion
Two hormones are classically considered as being related to the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and vasopressin. These hormones are created in the hypothalamus and released in the posterior pituitary. After creation, they are stored in neurosecretory vesicles regrouped into Herring bodies before being secreted in the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream.
| Hormone |
Other names |
Symbol(s) |
Main targets |
Effect |
Source |
| Oxytocin |
|
OT |
Uterus, mammary glands |
Uterine contractions; lactation |
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei |
| Vasopressin |
Antidiuretic hormone |
VP, AVP, ADH |
Kidneys and arterioles |
Stimulates water retention; raises blood pressure by contracting arterioles |
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei |
Clinical significance
Insufficient secretion of vasopressin underlies diabetes insipidus, a condition in which the body loses the capacity to concentrate urine. Affected individuals excrete as much as 20 liters of dilute urine per day. Oversecretion of vasopressin causes the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).
See also
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
References
- ^ Embryology at unc.edu
- ^ Hatton, GI (September 1988). "Pituicytes, glia and control of terminal secretion." (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology 139: 67–79. PMID 3062122.
- ^ Histology image:14004loa from Vaughan, Deborah (2002). A Learning System in Histology: CD-ROM and Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195151732.
- ^ Median eminence at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
External links
- www.pituitary.org — The Pituitary Network Association
Additional images
-
The posterior pituitary comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
|
Anatomy of the endocrine system
|
|
| Pituitary gland |
| Anterior |
- Pars intermedia
- Pars tuberalis
- Pars distalis
- Acidophil cell
- Somatotropic cell
- Prolactin cell
- Somatomammotrophic cell
- Basophil cell
- Corticotropic cell
- Gonadotropic cell
- Thyrotropic cell
- Chromophobe cell
|
|
| Posterior |
- Pars nervosa
- Median eminence
- Stalk
- Pituicyte
- Herring bodies
|
|
|
| Thyroid gland |
- Thyroid isthmus
- Follicular cell
- Parafollicular cell
|
|
| Parathyroid gland |
|
|
| Adrenal gland |
| Cortex |
- Zona glomerulosa
- Zona fasciculata
- Zona reticularis
|
|
| Medulla |
|
|
|
| Gonads |
- Testicle
- Ovary
- Theca interna
- Granulosa cell
- Corpus luteum
|
|
| Islets of pancreas |
- Alpha cell
- Beta cell
- PP cell
- Delta cell
- Epsilon cell
|
|
| Pineal gland |
- Pinealocyte
- Corpora arenacea
|
|
| Other |
- Enteroendocrine cell
- Paraganglia
- Placenta
|
|
|
Anatomy of the diencephalon of the human brain
|
|
| Epithalamus |
| Surface |
- Pineal gland
- Habenula
- Habenular trigone
- Habenular commissure
|
|
| Grey matter |
- Pretectal area
- Habenular nuclei
- Subcommissural organ
|
|
|
| Thalamus |
| Surface |
- Stria medullaris of thalamus
- Thalamic reticular nucleus
- Taenia thalami
|
|
Grey matter/
nuclei |
- paired: AN
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Metathalamus
- midline: MD
- Intralaminar
- Midline nuclear group
- Interthalamic adhesion
|
|
| White matter |
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Pallidothalamic tracts
- Ansa lenticularis
- Lenticular fasciculus
- Thalamic fasciculus
- PCML
- Medial lemniscus
- Trigeminal lemniscus
- Spinothalamic tract
- Lateral lemniscus
- Dentatothalamic tract
- Acoustic radiation
- Optic radiation
- Subthalamic fasciculus
- Anterior trigeminothalamic tract
|
|
|
| Hypothalamus |
| Surface |
- Median eminence/Tuber cinereum
- Mammillary body
- Infundibulum
|
|
| Grey matter |
| Autonomic zones |
- Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)
- Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)
|
|
| Endocrine |
- posterior pituitary: Paraventricular
- Magnocellular neurosecretory cell
- Parvocellular neurosecretory cell
- Supraoptic
- other: Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)
- Preoptic (GnRH)
- Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)
|
|
| Emotion |
- Lateral
- Ventromedial
- Dorsomedial
|
|
|
| White matter |
- afferent
- Medial forebrain bundle
- Retinohypothalamic tract
- efferent
- Mammillothalamic fasciculus
- Stria terminalis
- Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
|
|
| Pituitary |
- Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular
|
|
|
| Subthalamus |
- Subthalamic nucleus
- Zona incerta
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Vago-glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a literature review of neurosurgical experience.
- Chen J1, Sindou M.
- Acta neurochirurgica.Acta Neurochir (Wien).2015 Feb;157(2):311-21; discussion 321. doi: 10.1007/s00701-014-2302-7. Epub 2014 Dec 21.
- Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN), or better named vago-glossopharyngeal neuralgia (VGPN), is a rare disorder amounting to 1 % of the incidence of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Pain is paroxysmal, of the electrical shooting type, and mainly provoked by stimulation of the pharynx or deep throat, especial
- PMID 25526720
- Laparoscopic dissection and anatomy of sacral nerve roots and pelvic splanchnic nerves.
- Zanatta A1, Rosin MM2, Machado RL2, Cava L2, Possover M3.
- Journal of minimally invasive gynecology.J Minim Invasive Gynecol.2014 Nov-Dec;21(6):982-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.07.006. Epub 2014 Jul 15.
- STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the technique of laparoscopic dissection for identification of sacral nerve roots and pelvic splanchnic nerves.DESIGN: Case report (Canadian Task Force classification III).SETTING: Private practice hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.PATIENT: A 31-year-old woman with suspe
- PMID 25048566
- Seasonal plasticity of the pituitary pars intermedia of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).
- Djazouli Alim FZ1, Lebaili N2, Mahy N3.
- Tissue & cell.Tissue Cell.2014 Feb;46(1):40-53. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2013.11.001. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
- The pituitary pars intermedia of Camelus dromedarius is well developed and completely surrounds the pars nervosa. Two major groups of cells are present: endocrine (ec) and glial-like cells (glc). The ec group is composed of three morphologically distinct cell types. Type I, or polyhedral light cells
- PMID 24295886
Japanese Journal
- Immunohistochemical Localization of the Water Channels AQP4 and AQP5 in the Rat Pituitary Gland
- Matsuzaki Toshiyuki,Inahata Yuki,Sawai Nobuhiko,Yang Chun-Ying,Kobayashi Makito,Takata Kuniaki,Ozawa Hitoshi
- ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 44(6), 259-266, 2011
- … Double immunofluorescence analysis of AQP4 and S100 protein, a known marker for FS cells, marginal layer cells, and pituicytes, clearly revealed that FS cells and marginal layer cells in the adenohypophysis and the pituicytes in pars nervosa are positive for AQP4. …
- NAID 130001258488
- Characteristics of Local Invasion of Spontaneous Pituitary Carcinoma in the F344 Rat.
- Satoh Hiroshi,Kajimura Tetsuyo,Yoshikawa Hiroyasu,Oyamada Toshifumi,Nomura Mamoru,Yoshikawa Takashi
- Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 12(1), 13-19, 1999
- … The neoplastic cells invaded the capsule, sphenoid bone, surrounding veins, pars intermedia and pars nervosa, peripheral nerve, meninges, and brain. …
- NAID 130000062834
- アフリカツメガエル (Xenoopus laevis) 下垂体の発生過程におけるTSH陽性細胞の出現動態
- 小川 和重,鈴木 栄子,谷口 和之
- The journal of veterinary medical science 57(3), 539-542, 1995-06-15
- 孵化直後から変態完了までのアフリカツメガエルの幼生について, TSH陽性細胞の出現動態を免疫組織化学的に検討した. TSH陽性細胞は, 下垂体後葉の分化開始直前のステージ(St)49で出現し, 前葉中央部に局在する小細胞塊として認められた. その後, St51までは増加したが, 下垂体組織形成完了直前のSt52になると急激に減少し, その後は変態完了まで緩やかに増加しつづけた. また, St進行に …
- NAID 110003916312
Related Links
- When it occurs, the radiologist should examine the neck for the presence of a lesion along the course of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), which passes through the pars nervosa of the jugular foramen and along the carotid sheath.
- When it occurs, the radiologist should examine the neck for the presence of a lesion along the course of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), which passes through the pars nervosa of the jugular foramen and along the carotid sheath.
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 関
- neural、neurally、neurogenic、neurologic、neurological、neuronally
- anorexia nervosa、bulimia nervosa
[★]
- →para