WordNet

the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems
animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/05 01:06:23」(JST)

wiki en

Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance. In animals, a parenchyma comprises the functional parts of an organ and in plants parenchyma is the ground tissue of nonwoody structures.

The term parenchyma is New Latin, f. Greek παρέγχυμα - parenkhuma, "visceral flesh", f. παρεγχεῖν - parenkhein, "to pour in" f. para-, "beside" + en-, "in" + khein, "to pour".^[1]

Look up parenchyma in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

In animals[edit]

The parenchyma are the functional parts of an organ in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs, namely, the connective tissues.

In cancer, the parenchyma refers to the actual mutant cells of the single lineage, whereas the stroma is the surrounding connective tissue and associated cells that support it.

Early in development the mammalian embryo has three distinct layers: ectoderm (external layer), endoderm (internal layer) and in between those two layers the middle layer or mesoderm. The parenchyma of most organs is of ectodermal (brain, skin) or endodermal origin (lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas). The parenchyma of a few organs (spleen, kidneys, heart) is of mesodermal origin. The stroma of all organs is of mesodermal origin.

Examples include:

Organ	Parenchyma
brain	neurons and glial cells
heart	myocyte
kidney	nephron
liver	hepatocyte
lungs	Lung parenchyma in its strictest sense refers solely to alveolar tissue with respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles. However, the term is often used loosely to refer to any form of lung tissue, also including bronchioles, bronchi, blood vessels and lung interstitium. Source: Medical Dictionary - "Parenchyma Of Lung" in turn citing Stedman's Medical Dictionary. 2006
ovary	Follicles with egg cells
pancreas	Islets of Langerhans and Pancreatic acini
spleen	white pulp and red pulp
placenta	placental villi, including the fetal vessels, and the maternal intervillous space; non-parenchyma comprises chorionic and decidual plates, fetal vessels of diameter >0.1 cm and intercotyledonary septa (Aherne, W. & Dunnill, M. S. (1966) "Quantitative aspects of placental structure". J Path Bacteriol 91 123–139)

In plants[edit]

Main article: Ground tissue—Parenchyma

In plants, "parenchyma" is one of the three main types of ground tissue. Parenchyma cells make up the bulk of the soft parts of plants.

References[edit]

^ Parenchyma at eMedicine Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）：定義、臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease definition clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging
2. 人工呼吸患者における呼吸窮迫の評価 assessment of respiratory distress in the mechanically ventilated patient
3. 肝障害のマネージメントのための外科手技 surgical techniques for managing hepatic injury
4. 気管支カルチノイド腫瘍：治療および予後 bronchial carcinoid tumors treatment and prognosis
5. 小児および思春期における陰嚢損傷 scrotal trauma in children and adolescents

English Journal

Influence of pectinase treatment on the physicochemical properties of potato flours.

Kim EJ1, Kim HS2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Jan 15;167:425-32. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.014. Epub 2014 Jul 11.
Untreated and pectinase-treated potato flours from Atlantic and Superior cultivars were characterised to identify the effects of pectinase treatment on their physicochemical properties. Steam-cooked potato whole-tissues were treated with and without pectinase to prepare the dehydrated potato flours.
PMID 25149007

Toxicity and bio-accumulation of inhaled cerium oxide nanoparticles in CD1 mice.

Aalapati S1, Ganapathy S, Manapuram S, Anumolu G, Prakya BM.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Nov;8(7):786-98. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.829877. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
Male CD1 mice were subjected to nose-inhalation exposure of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for 0, 7, 14 or 28 days with 14 or 28 days of recovery time at an aerosol concentration of 2 mg/m(3). Markers of lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleuk
PMID 23914771

Visualization of hormone binding proteins in vivo based on Mn-doped CdTe QDs.

Liu Ff1, Yu Y2, Lin Bx1, Hu Xg1, Cao Yj1, Wu Jz1.
Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Oct 15;131:9-16. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.066. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
Daminozide (B9) is a growth inhibitor with important regulatory roles in plant growth and development. Locating and quantifying B9-binding proteins in plant tissues will assist in investigating the mechanism behind the signal transduction of B9. In this study, red fluorescent Mn-doped CdTe quantum d
PMID 24815196

A composite hydrogel platform for the dissection of tumor cell migration at tissue interfaces.

Rape AD1, Kumar S2.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Oct;35(31):8846-53. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.003. Epub 2014 Jul 19.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most prevalent primary brain cancer, is characterized by diffuse infiltration of tumor cells into brain tissue, which severely complicates surgical resection and contributes to tumor recurrence. The most rapid mode of tissue infiltration occurs along blood vessels
PMID 25047626

Japanese Journal

気管支内腔へポリポイドに進展した浸潤性胸腺腫の1例

杉山栄里,大松広伸,梅村茂樹,仁保誠治,永井完治
気管支学 : 日本気管支研究会雑誌 36(2), 183-187, 2014-03-25
症例.68歳男性.血痰を主訴に,近医を受診した.胸部X線にて異常陰影を指摘され,肺癌を疑い,当院へ紹介受診された.胸部CT上,左上葉S^3縦隔側に48×46mm大の腫瘤を認め,肺門に向かって左B^3内腔をポリポイドに充填する所見を認めた.気管支鏡検査にて,左上区支内腔が隆起性病変により高度狭窄を認めていたため,同部位より生検を施行した.組織学的に,胸腺T細胞および上皮細胞の増殖を認め,胸腺腫と診断 …
NAID 110009807534

尿管結紮により巨大水腎症を合併し術前診断が困難であった上部尿路上皮癌の1例

黒本暁人,並木俊一,齋藤英郎,佐竹洋平,山下慎一,三塚浩二,海法康裕,荒井陽一
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 60(3), 137-141, 2014-03
… Positron emission tomography (PET)-CT showed a small high uptake lesion in the left kidney parenchyma, and cervical and mediastinal lymph nodes. …
NAID 120005439496

Microglia and their regulatory mechanisms in the brain

Tanaka Junya
The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 3(1), 21-26, 2014
… However, it is currently accepted that such "resting" microglial cells with characteristic ramified morphology move their processes actively while surveying the microenvironment in the brain parenchyma. …
NAID 130003397901

Simulation of the Fissureless Technique for Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy Using Rapid Prototyping

Akiba Tadashi,Nakada Takeo,Inagaki Takuya
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2014
… The fissureless lobectomy or anterior fissureless technique is a novel surgical technique, which avoids dissection of the lung parenchyma over the pulmonary artery during lobectomy by open thoracotomy approach or direct vision thoracoscopic surgery. …
NAID 130003396772