酸素飽和度
WordNet
- a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence
- chromatic purity: freedom from dilution with white and hence vivid in hue (同)chroma, intensity, vividness
- the act of soaking thoroughly with a liquid
- a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earths crust (同)O, atomic number 8
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 十分にしみ込むこと,飽和させること / しみ込んだ状態,飽和状態 / (色の)飽和度,彩度
- 『酸素』(化学記号はO)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/03/10 16:30:24」(JST)
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Measuring the dissolved oxygen through a multi-parameter photometer
Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium. It can be measured with a dissolved oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or an optode in liquid media, usually water. The standard unit of oxygen saturation is percent (%).
Oxygen saturation can be measured regionally and noninvasively. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) is commonly measured using pulse oximetry. Tissue saturation at peripheral scale can be measured using NIRS. This technique can be applied on both muscle and brain.
Contents
- 1 In medicine
- 2 In environmental science
- 3 See also
- 4 References
In medicine
Main article: Oxygen saturation (medicine)
In medicine, oxygen saturation refers to oxygenation, or when oxygen molecules (O
2) enter the tissues of the body. In this case blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air and into the blood. Oxygen saturation ((O
2) sats) measure the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen. Fish, invertebrates, plants, and aerobic bacteria all require oxygen for respiration.[1]
In environmental science
Main article: Oxygenation (environmental)
In aquatic environments, oxygen saturation is a ratio of the concentration of dissolved oxygen (O2) in the water to the maximum amount of oxygen that will dissolve in the water at that temperature and pressure under stable equilibrium. Well-aerated water (such as a fast-moving stream) without oxygen producers or consumers is 100% saturated.[2]
It is possible for stagnant water to become somewhat supersaturated with oxygen (i.e. reach more than 100% saturation) either because of the presence of photosynthetic aquatic oxygen producers or because of a slow equilibration after a change of atmospheric conditions.[2] Stagnant water in the presence of decaying matter will typically have an oxygen concentration much less than 100%.[citation needed]
Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem. Refer to ([1] for a table of maximum equilibrium dissolved oxygen concentration versus temperature at atmospheric pressure. The optimal levels in an estuary for dissolved oxygen is higher than 6 ppm.[citation needed] Insufficient oxygen (environmental hypoxia), often caused by the decomposition of organic matter and/or nutrient pollution, may occur in bodies of water such as ponds and rivers, tending to suppress the presence of aerobic organisms such as fish. Deoxygenation increases the relative population of anaerobic organisms such as plants and some bacteria, resulting in fish kills and other adverse events. The net effect is to alter the balance of nature by increasing the concentration of anaerobic over aerobic species.
See also
References
- ^ "Dissolved Oxygen - Environmental Measurement Systems". Environmental Measurement Systems. Retrieved 2015-10-08.
- ^ a b "Environmental Dissolved Oxygen Values Above 100% Air Saturation" (PDF). IOOS Website. YSI Environmental. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
|
Respiratory physiology
|
| Respiration |
- breath
- respiratory rate
- respirometer
- pulmonary surfactant
- compliance
- elastic recoil
- hysteresivity
- airway resistance
- bronchial
- hyperresponsiveness
- constriction
- dilatation
- mechanical ventilation
|
| Control |
- pons
- pneumotaxic center
- apneustic center
- medulla
- dorsal respiratory group
- ventral respiratory group
- chemoreceptors
- pulmonary stretch receptors
|
| Lung volumes |
- VC
- FRC
- Vt
- dead space
- CC
- PEF
- calculations
- respiratory minute volume
- FEV1/FVC ratio
- Lung function tests
- spirometry
- body plethysmography
- peak flow meter
- nitrogen washout
|
| Circulation |
- pulmonary circulation
- hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
- pulmonary shunt
|
| Interactions |
- ventilation (V)
- Perfusion (Q)
- Ventilation/perfusion ratio
- V/Q scan
- zones of the lung
- gas exchange
- pulmonary gas pressures
- alveolar gas equation
- alveolar–arterial gradient
- hemoglobin
- oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve (Oxygen saturation
- 2,3-BPG
- Bohr effect
- Haldane effect)
- carbonic anhydrase (chloride shift)
- oxyhemoglobin
- respiratory quotient
- arterial blood gas
- diffusion capacity (DLCO)
|
| Insufficiency |
- high altitude
- oxygen toxicity
- hypoxia
|
|
Wastewater
|
| Sources |
- Acid mine drainage
- Ballast water
- Bathroom
- Blackwater (coal)
- Blackwater (waste)
- Boiler blowdown
- Brine
- Combined sewer
- Cooling tower
- Cooling water
- Fecal sludge
- Greywater
- Infiltration/Inflow
- Industrial effluent
- Ion exchange
- Leachate
- Manure
- Papermaking
- Produced water
- Return flow
- Reverse osmosis
- Sanitary sewer
- Septage
- Sewage
- Sewage sludge
- Toilet
- Urban runoff
|
| Quality indicators |
- Adsorbable organic halides
- Biochemical oxygen demand
- Chemical oxygen demand
- Coliform index
- Dissolved oxygen
- Heavy metals
- pH
- Salinity
- Temperature
- Total dissolved solids
- Total suspended solids
- Turbidity
|
| Treatment options |
- Activated sludge
- Aerated lagoon
- Agricultural wastewater treatment
- API oil-water separator
- Carbon filtration
- Chlorination
- Clarifier
- Constructed wetland
- Decentralized wastewater system
- Extended aeration
- Facultative lagoon
- Fecal sludge management
- Filtration
- Imhoff tank
- Industrial wastewater treatment
- Ion exchange
- Membrane bioreactor
- Reverse osmosis
- Rotating biological contactor
- Secondary treatment
- Sedimentation
- Septic tank
- Settling basin
- Sewage sludge treatment
- Sewage treatment
- Sewer mining
- Stabilization pond
- Trickling filter
- Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
- UASB
- Vermifilter
- Wastewater treatment plant
|
| Disposal options |
- Combined sewer
- Evaporation pond
- Groundwater recharge
- Infiltration basin
- Injection well
- Irrigation
- Marine dumping
- Marine outfall
- Reclaimed water
- Sanitary sewer
- Septic drain field
- Sewage farm
- Storm drain
- Surface runoff
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Tolvaptan for hyponatremia with preserved sodium pool in critically ill patients.
- Umbrello M1,2, Mantovani ES3, Formenti P4, Casiraghi C5, Ottolina D6, Taverna M7, Pezzi A8, Mistraletti G9,10, Iapichino G11,12.
- Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2016 Dec;6(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s13613-015-0096-2. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
- BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disturbance in hospitalized patients, and it represents a well-established risk factor for ICU/hospital mortality. The majority of hyponatremic states are associated with elevated arginine vasopressin levels and a preserved sodium pool. Convent
- PMID 26728593
- A novel, clinically relevant use of a piglet model to study the effects of anesthetics on the developing brain.
- Whitaker EE1,2, Bissonnette B3,4,5, Miller AD6, Koppert TL7,8, Tobias JD9,10, Pierson CR11,12, Christofi FL13.
- Clinical and translational medicine.Clin Transl Med.2016 Dec;5(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40169-015-0079-9. Epub 2016 Jan 12.
- BACKGROUND: Anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity research in the developing brain must rely upon an unimpeachable animal model and a standardized treatment approach. In this manner, identification of mechanisms of action may be undertaken. The goal of this study was to develop a novel, clinically rel
- PMID 26757938
- In vivo photoacoustic tomography of myoglobin oxygen saturation.
- Lin L, Yao J, Li L, Wang LV.
- Journal of biomedical optics.J Biomed Opt.2016 Jun 1;21(6):61002. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.21.6.061002.
- PMID 26719943
Japanese Journal
- Clinical relevance of plasma prostaglandin f2α metabolite concentrations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
- Aihara Kensaku,Handa Tomohiro,Oga Toru,Watanabe Kizuku,Tanizawa Kiminobu,Ikezoe Kohei,Taguchi Yoshio,Sato Hiroe,Chin Kazuo,Nagai Sonoko,Narumiya Shuh,Wells Athol U,Mishima Michiaki
- PloS one 8(6), 2013-06-11
- … Plasma concentrations of this metabolite were significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (Rs [correlation coefficient] = −0.34, p = 0.004), forced vital capacity (Rs = −0.33, p = 0.005), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Rs = −0.36, p = 0.003), the composite physiologic index (Rs = 0.40, p = 0.001), 6-minute walk distance (Rs = −0.24, p = 0.04) and end-exercise oxygen saturation (Rs = −0.25, p = 0.04) when patients with emphysema were excluded. …
- NAID 120005298243
- Cai Jian,Han Dedong,Geng Youfeng,Wang Wei,Wang Liangliang,Tian Yu,Qian Lixun,Zhang Xing,Zhang Shengdong,Wang Yi
- Jpn J Appl Phys 52(4), 04CF11-04CF11-4, 2013-04-25
- … By controlling the oxygen flow ratio (OFR) during the deposition of an AZO active layer, we have demonstrated that the incorporation of oxygen in the deposition atmosphere plays an important role in improving the electronic performance of TFTs. …
- NAID 150000106732
- Mixed venous oxygen content estimated from oxygen saturation and heart rate measured for healthy students during a study tour in Colorado
- UCHIDA Katsuo,UCHIDA Katsuo
- 山形保健医療研究 16, 21-27, 2013-03-31
- … Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured for 13 healthy third-grade students (4 males and 9 females ages 20 to 24) of the hysical Therapy Department of Yamagata Prefectural niversity of ealth Sciences, who joined a study tour in lorado from Sep. 19 to 27, 2012. …
- NAID 110009555678
Related Links
- Oxygen saturation in the environment generally refers to the amount of oxygen dissolved in the soil or bodies of water. Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem. A well-mixed body of ...
- A noninvasive procedure of measuring the oxygen present in the bloodstream can be carried out with the use of an oxygen saturation monitor. You can perform this test at home or seek help from professional care personnel. In the ...
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- oxygen saturation
- 関
- 酸素解離曲線
定義
- 血液酸素飽和度 = 血液ヘモグロビン結合酸素量 / 血液酸素容量 x 100
- 血液酸素容量 は 血液中のヘモグロビンが全てO2を結合した場合の酸素の量を示す。血液に直接溶解している酸素の量は含まれない。
種類
基準値
- 動脈血酸素分圧：80-100Torr 動脈血酸素飽和度：97%
- 混合静脈血酸素分圧：39-41Torr 混合静脈血酸素飽和度：73-76%
臨床関連
- 動脈血で低酸素飽和度： 低酸素血症を示唆。イコールではない！！？
[★]
- 英
- oxygen saturation
- 関
- 酸素飽和度
[★]
混合静脈血酸素飽和度