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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/03 22:55:46」(JST)

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Not to be confused with Osteonectin or Osteopontin.

Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a noncollagenous protein found in bone and dentin. Because it has gla domains, its synthesis is vitamin K dependent. In humans, the osteocalcin is encoded by the BGLAP gene.^[1]^[2] Its receptor is GPRC6A.^[3]

Function

Osteocalcin is secreted solely by osteoblasts and thought to play a role in the body's metabolic regulation and is pro-osteoblastic, or bone-building, by nature.^[4] It is also implicated in bone mineralization and calcium ion homeostasis. Osteocalcin acts as a hormone in the body, causing beta cells in the pancreas to release more insulin, and at the same time directing fat cells to release the hormone adiponectin, which increases sensitivity to insulin.^[4]

Osteocalcin acts on Leydig cells of the testis to stimulate testosterone biosynthesis and therefore affect male fertility.^[5]

Use as a biochemical marker for bone formation

As osteocalcin is produced by osteoblasts, it is often used as a marker for the bone formation process. It has been observed that higher serum-osteocalcin levels are relatively well correlated with increases in bone mineral density (BMD) during treatment with anabolic bone formation drugs for osteoporosis, such as Teriparatide. In many studies, osteocalcin is used as a preliminary biomarker on the effectiveness of a given drug on bone formation. For instance, one study which aimed to study the effectiveness of a glycoprotein called lactoferrin on bone formation used osteocalcin as a measure of osteoblast activity.^[6]

References

^ Puchacz E, Lian JB, Stein GS, Wozney J, Huebner K, Croce C (May 1989). "Chromosomal localization of the human osteocalcin gene". Endocrinology 124 (5): 2648–50. doi:10.1210/endo-124-5-2648. PMID 2785029.
^ Cancela L, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Price PA (Sep 1990). "Molecular structure, chromosome assignment, and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 (25): 15040–8. PMID 2394711.
^ Pi M, Wu Y, Quarles LD (Jul 2011). "GPRC6A mediates responses to osteocalcin in β-cells in vitro and pancreas in vivo". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 26 (7): 1680–1683. doi:10.1002/jbmr.390. PMID 21425331.
^ ^a ^b Lee NK, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Ahn JD, Confavreux C, Dacquin R, Mee PJ, McKee MD, Jung DY, Zhang Z, Kim JK, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Ducy P, Karsenty G (Aug 2007). "Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton". Cell 130 (3): 456–69. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.047. PMC 2013746. PMID 17693256.
^ Karsenty G, Oury F (Jan 2014). "Regulation of male fertility by the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 382 (1): 521–6. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.008. PMC 3850748. PMID 24145129.
^ Bharadwaj S, Naidu AG, Betageri GV, Prasadarao NV, Naidu AS (Sep 2009). "Milk ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin induces positive effects on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women". Osteoporosis International 20 (9): 1603–11. doi:10.1007/s00198-009-0839-8. PMID 19172341.

External links

Osteocalcin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨代謝の生理学および生化学的マーカー bone physiology and biochemical markers of bone turnover
2. 骨粗鬆症における骨代謝の生物学的マーカーの使用 use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis
3. 骨格の正常な発達および骨形成ならびに骨吸収の調節 normal skeletal development and regulation of bone formation and resorption
4. 慢性腎臓病患者における骨粗鬆症：診断、評価およびマネージメント osteoporosis in patients with chronic kidney disease diagnosis evaluation and management
5. 甲状腺機能亢進症および甲状腺ホルモン療法による骨疾患 bone disease with hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormone therapy

English Journal

Blocking the Expression of Both Bone Sialoprotein (BSP) and Osteopontin (OPN) Impairs the Anabolic Action of PTH in Mouse Calvaria Bone.

Bouleftour W1, Bouet G, Granito RN, Thomas M, Linossier MT, Vanden-Bossche A, Aubin JE, Lafage-Proust MH, Vico L, Malaval L.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Mar;230(3):568-77. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24772.
Osteopontin (OPN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) are coexpressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and display overlapping properties. We used daily injection of parathyroid hormone 1-84 (iPTH) over the calvaria of BSP knockout (-/-) mice to investigate further their functional specificity and redundancy
PMID 25160656

Effects of modified Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue decoction combined with anastrozole on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Zhou F1, Han S1, Zhou N1, Zheng W1, Li P1.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Mar;11(3):1639-46. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2962. Epub 2014 Nov 17.
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are widely used in the treatment of hormone‑dependent breast cancer and as a result, aromatase inhibitor‑associated bone loss (AIBL) has become a major concern amongst patients receiving AI treatment. Modified Shu‑Gan‑Liang‑Xue decoction (mSGLXD), a clinical pres
PMID 25405542

Adults with spastic cerebral palsy have lower bone mass than those with dyskinetic cerebral palsy.

Kim W1, Lee SJ1, Yoon Y2, Shin Y3, Cho S4, Rhee Y5.
Bone.Bone.2015 Feb;71C:89-93. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.003. Epub 2014 Oct 12.
Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) are known to have low bone mass with an increased risk of fragility fracture. CP is classified into two major types: spastic (pyramidal) and dyskinetic (extrapyramidal). Spastic CP is the most common and is characterized by muscle hypertonicity and impaired neuromuscu
PMID 25316282

Japanese Journal

ビタミンKと骨代謝 (特集第65回大会シンポジウム｢臨床とビタミンUp-Date｣)

柴祥子,井上聡
ビタミン 88(1), 18-24, 2014-01
NAID 40019955887

症例骨粗鬆症との鑑別に骨型アルカリホスファターゼ,オステオカルシン測定が診断に有用であった骨軟化症の1例

田中健一,岡田洋右,森博子 [他]
内科 113, 183-186, 2014-01
NAID 40019921343

Altered distribution of bone matrix proteins and defective bone mineralization in klotho-deficient mice

Sasaki Muneteru,Hasegawa Tomoka,Yamada Tamaki,Hongo Hiromi,Luiz de Freitas Paulo Henrique,Suzuki Reiko,Yamamoto Tomomaya,Tabata Chihiro,Toyosawa Satoru,Yamamoto Tsuneyuki,Oda Kimimitsu,Li Minqi,Inoue Nobuo,Amizuka Norio
Bone 57(1), 206-219, 2013-11
… In an attempt to identify the histological properties of the klotho-deficient (kl/kl) bone matrix, bone mineralization and the localization of Ca2+-binding bone matrix proteins - osteocalcin, dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and matrix Gla protein (MGP) - were examined in kl/kl tibiae. … While a widespread osteocalcin staining could be verified in the wild-type bone matrix, localization of the same protein in the kl/kl tibiae seemed rather restricted to osteocytes with only a faint staining of the whole bone matrix. …
NAID 120005348968

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オステオカルシン」

「オステオカルシン」

Bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein
	PDB rendering based on 1q8h.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1q3m, 1q8h
Identifiers
Symbols	BGLAP ; BGP; OC; OCN
External IDs	OMIM: 112260 MGI: 88156 HomoloGene: 104130 GeneCards: BGLAP Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• structural molecule activity; • calcium ion binding; • structural constituent of bone; • hydroxyapatite binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular space; • cytoplasm; • rough endoplasmic reticulum; • Golgi apparatus; • dendrite; • membrane-bounded vesicle; • perikaryon;
Biological process	• skeletal system development; • osteoblast differentiation; • osteoblast development; • cell adhesion; • cell aging; • response to mechanical stimulus; • response to gravity; • response to zinc ion; • response to activity; • bone mineralization; • regulation of bone mineralization; • response to vitamin K; • response to vitamin D; • response to testosterone; • response to hydroxyisoflavone; • odontogenesis; • response to drug; • response to estrogen; • regulation of bone resorption; • response to ethanol; • regulation of osteoclast differentiation; • response to glucocorticoid; • bone development; • cellular response to vitamin D; • cellular response to growth factor stimulus;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	v; t; e;

　　[★]

英: osteocalcin
同: 骨グラ蛋白質 bone Gla protein BGP
関: ビタミンK

[pmid2785029-1] Puchacz E, Lian JB, Stein GS, Wozney J, Huebner K, Croce C (May 1989). "Chromosomal localization of the human osteocalcin gene". Endocrinology 124 (5): 2648–50. doi:10.1210/endo-124-5-2648. PMID 2785029.

[pmid2394711-2] Cancela L, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Price PA (Sep 1990). "Molecular structure, chromosome assignment, and promoter organization of the human matrix Gla protein gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 265 (25): 15040–8. PMID 2394711.

[Pi_2011-3] Pi M, Wu Y, Quarles LD (Jul 2011). "GPRC6A mediates responses to osteocalcin in β-cells in vitro and pancreas in vivo". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 26 (7): 1680–1683. doi:10.1002/jbmr.390. PMID 21425331.

[Lee_2007-4] Lee NK, Sowa H, Hinoi E, Ferron M, Ahn JD, Confavreux C, Dacquin R, Mee PJ, McKee MD, Jung DY, Zhang Z, Kim JK, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Ducy P, Karsenty G (Aug 2007). "Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton". Cell 130 (3): 456–69. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.047. PMC 2013746. PMID 17693256.

[pmid24145129-5] Karsenty G, Oury F (Jan 2014). "Regulation of male fertility by the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 382 (1): 521–6. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2013.10.008. PMC 3850748. PMID 24145129.

[bone_turnover-6] Bharadwaj S, Naidu AG, Betageri GV, Prasadarao NV, Naidu AS (Sep 2009). "Milk ribonuclease-enriched lactoferrin induces positive effects on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women". Osteoporosis International 20 (9): 1603–11. doi:10.1007/s00198-009-0839-8. PMID 19172341.

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osteocalcin