WordNet

inflammation of one or both testes; characterized by pain and swelling

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/30 23:57:20」(JST)

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Orchitis /ˌɔːrˈkaɪtɪs/ or orchiditis /ˌɔːrkɪˈdaɪtɪs/ (from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις meaning "testicle"; same root as orchid) is inflammation of the testes.^[1] It can also involve swelling, heavy pains and frequent infection, and is more rarely known as didymitis (as in epididymis).

Symptoms

Symptoms of orchitis are similar to those of testicular torsion. These can include:^{[citation needed]}

hematospermia (blood in the semen)
hematuria (blood in the urine)
severe pain
visible swelling of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.

Causes

Orchitis can be related to epididymitis infection that has spread to the testicles (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the sexually transmitted diseases chlamydia and gonorrhea. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with brucellosis.^[2] Orchitis can also be seen during active mumps, particularly in adolescent boys.

Ischemic orchitis may result from damage to the blood vessels of the spermatic cord during inguinal herniorrhaphy, and may in the worst event lead to testicular atrophy.^[3]

Treatment

In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the opiate category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency room physicians.^{[citation needed]}

Orchitis in animals

Severe orchitis in rooster

Orchitis is not rare in bulls and rams.^{[citation needed]}

It has also been described in roosters.^[4]

References

^ "orchitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Brucellosis in Humans and Animals World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7 [1]^{[page needed]}
^ Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. (August 2009). "European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients". Hernia. 13 (4): 343–403. doi:10.1007/s10029-009-0529-7. PMC 2719730. PMID 19636493.
^ Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H (December 2008). "Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders". Avian Pathology. 37 (6): 613–7. doi:10.1080/03079450802499134. PMID 19023758.

External links

Overview at Mayo Clinic

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における急性陰嚢症の評価 evaluation of the acute scrotum in adults
2. ムンプスの疫学、臨床症状、診断およびマネージメント epidemiology clinical manifestations diagnosis and management of mumps
3. 小児および思春期における陰嚢痛の原因 causes of scrotal pain in children and adolescents
4. 小児および思春期における陰嚢痛または腫脹の評価 evaluation of scrotal pain or swelling in children and adolescents
5. 膀胱カテーテルの合併症および予防戦略 complications of urinary bladder catheters and preventive strategies

English Journal

Does bovine besnoitiosis affect the sexual function of chronically infected bulls?

Esteban-Gil A1, Jacquiet P2, Florentin S3, Decaudin A3, Berthelot X3, Ronsin P3, Grisez C2, Prevot F2, Alzieu JP4, Marois M5, Corboz N6, Peglion M6, Vilardell C5, Liénard E2, Bouhsira E2, Castillo JA1, Franc M2, Picard-Hagen N7.
Theriogenology.Theriogenology.2016 Sep 15;86(5):1325-32. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.074. Epub 2016 May 5.
Bovine besnoitiosis is a reemerging disease in Europe. The clinically Besnoitia besnoiti infection in bulls is characterized by fever, nasal discharge, and orchitis in the acute phase and by scleroderma in the chronic phase. However, in many bulls, B besnoiti infection remains at a subclinical stage
PMID 27264738

Filarial Orchitis due to Wuchereria bancrofti Masquerading as Testicular Neoplasm.

Patne SC1, Das M2, Katiyar R2.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.Am J Trop Med Hyg.2016 Sep 7;95(3):497-8. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0038.
PMID 27582521

A case of leprosy in Malawi. Making the final push towards eradication: a clinical and public health perspective.

Roe C1, May LS2.
Infectious diseases of poverty.Infect Dis Poverty.2016 Sep 2;5(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s40249-016-0176-z.
Statistically speaking, Malawi has achieved the World Health Organisation's target for the elimination of leprosy (<1 case per 10 000 people), yet the disease is still considered a leading cause of long term physical disability. In this case study the authors discuss the presentation of a 39-year
PMID 27585828

Japanese Journal

精巣腫瘍と紛らわしい超音波所見を呈した結核性肉芽腫性精巣上体精巣炎の1例

超音波医学, 2017
NAID 130005556705

Development of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-supplemented adjuvant and its effects on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in male rats immunized against sperm

Journal of Reproduction and Development 63(1), 111-115, 2017
NAID 130005332262

肉芽腫性精巣炎の1例

泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 62(1), 45-47, 2016-01
NAID 120005712929

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「精巣炎」
拡張検索	「mumps orchitis」「allergic orchitis」

「精巣炎」

Orchitis
Classification and external resources
Specialty	urology
ICD-10	N45
ICD-9-CM	604
DiseasesDB	4342
MedlinePlus	001280
eMedicine	emerg/344
MeSH	D009920
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