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surgical removal of one or both testicles (同)orchiectomy

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/12 11:33:45」(JST)

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Diagram of the incisions in an orchiectomy

Orchiectomy (also named orchidectomy, and sometimes shortened as orchi) is a surgical procedure in which one or both testicles are removed. The removal of both testicles (bilateral orchiectomy) is the surgical form of castration.

There are three main types of orchiectomy: simple, subcapsular, and inguinal. The first two types are usually done under local or epidural anesthesia, and take about 30 minutes to perform. An inguinal orchiectomy is sometimes done under general anesthesia, and takes from 30 minutes to an hour to complete.

Simple orchiectomy

A simple orchiectomy is commonly performed as part of sex reassignment surgery (SRS) for transgender women, or as palliative treatment for advanced cases of prostate cancer. The patient lies flat on an operating table with the penis taped against the abdomen. The nurse will shave a small area for the incision. After anesthetic has been administered, the surgeon makes an incision in the midpoint of the scrotum and cuts through the underlying tissue. The surgeon removes the testicles and parts of the spermatic cord through the incision. The incision is closed with two layers of sutures and covered with a surgical dressing. If the patient desires, a prosthetic testicle can be inserted before the incision is closed to present an outward appearance of a pre-surgical scrotum.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Subcapsular orchiectomy

A subcapsular orchiectomy is also commonly performed for treatment of prostate cancer. The operation is similar to that of a simple orchiectomy, with the exception that the glandular tissue that surrounds each testicle is removed rather than the entire gland itself. This type of orchiectomy is done primarily to keep the appearance of an ordinary scrotum.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Inguinal orchiectomy

(See: inguinal orchiectomy)

Inguinal orchiectomy (named from the Latin inguin for "groin," and also called radical orchiectomy), is performed when an onset of testicular cancer is suspected, in order to prevent a possible spread of cancer from the spermatic cord into the lymph nodes near the kidneys.^[1]^[2]^[3]

An inguinal orchiectomy can be either unilateral or bilateral. The surgeon makes an incision in the patient's groin area (in contrast to an incision in the scrotum, as is done in both simple and subcapsular orchiectomies). The entire spermatic cord is removed, as well as the testicle(s). A long, non-absorbable suture may be left in the stump of the spermatic cord in case later surgery is deemed necessary.^[1]^[2]^[3]

After the cord and testicle(s) have been removed, the surgeon washes the area with saline solution and closes the various layers of tissues and skin with various types of sutures. The wound is then covered with sterile gauze and bandaged.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Frey, Ph.D, Rebecca (2004). "Orchiectomy". Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery. Heathline.com: The Gale Group, Inc. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Orchiectomy". Health Information Library. Providence Health & Services. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Surgical Procedures: Orchiectomy — radical/simple". UrologyMatch.com. Retrieved 28 August 2013.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 精巣胚細胞腫瘍に対する根治的高位精巣摘除術 radical inguinal orchiectomy for testicular germ cell tumors
2. 進行性前立腺癌に対する治療の概要 overview of treatment for advanced prostate cancer
3. 小児および思春期における陰嚢損傷 scrotal trauma in children and adolescents
4. 進行した精巣胚細胞腫瘍の外科的管理 surgical management of advanced testicular germ cell tumors
5. 成人における急性陰嚢症の評価 evaluation of the acute scrotum in adults

English Journal

Risk of new-onset diabetes after androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer in the Asian population.

Teoh JY1, Chiu PK1, Chan SY1, Poon DM2, Cheung HY3, Hou SS1, Ng CF1.
Journal of diabetes.J Diabetes.2015 Sep;7(5):672-80. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12226. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
BACKGROUND: The associations of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with its adverse events in the Asian population remained largely unknown. We investigated the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) after ADT for prostate cancer in the Asian population.METHODS: All prostate cancer patients who we
PMID 25266491

Comparison of caudal and pre-scrotal castration for management of perineal hernia in dogs between 2004 and 2014.

Snell WL1, Orsher RJ, Larenza-Menzies MP, Popovitch CA.
New Zealand veterinary journal.N Z Vet J.2015 Sep;63(5):272-5. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2015.1023858. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
AIMS: To compare peri- and post-operative complications associated with caudal scrotal castration (CSC) and perineal hernia repair with pre-scrotal castration (PSC) in conjunction with another surgical procedure.METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for 51 intact male dogs that were admitted to the
PMID 25849629

Negative effect of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor therapy on rat bone tissue after orchidectomy.

Fekete S1, Simko J2, Mzik M3, Karesova I3, Zivna H4, Zivny P3, Pavliková L3, Palicka V3.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Aug 15;761:65-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.04.029. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
Our goal was to determine if venlafaxine has a negative effect on bone metabolism. Rats were divided into three groups. The sham-operated control group (SHAM), the control group after orchidectomy (ORX), and the experimental group after orchidectomy received venlafaxine (VEN ORX) in standard laborat
PMID 25934570

Japanese Journal

Effects of food enriched with egg yolk hydrolysate (bone peptide) on bone metabolism in orchidectomized dogs

KOBAYASHI Toyokazu,KOIE Hiroshi,WATANABE Arisa [他]
The journal of veterinary medical science 77(4), 503-506, 2015-04
NAID 40020463070

Effects of food enriched with egg yolk hydrolysate (bone peptide) on bone metabolism in orchidectomized dogs

, , , , , , ,
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(4), 503-506, 2015
… Serum BAP was statistically significantly higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food than in dogs fed non-BP-enriched food at 2 months after orchidectomy. … This suggests that BP promoted bone formation immediately after orchidectomy. …
NAID 130005067010

Effects of food enriched with egg yolk hydrolysate (bone peptide) on bone metabolism in orchidectomized dogs

, , , , , , ,
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
… Serum BAP was statistically significantly higher in dogs fed BP-enriched food than in dogs fed non-BP-enriched food at 2 months after orchidectomy. … This suggests that BP promoted bone formation immediately after orchidectomy. …
NAID 130004781085