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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/17 17:53:57」(JST)

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In chemistry, an oligomer is a molecule that consists of a few monomer units (ολιγος, or oligos, is Greek for "a few"), in contrast to a polymer that, at least in principle, consists of a nearly unlimited number of monomers.^[1] Dimers, trimers, and tetramers are oligomers. Many oils are oligomeric, such as liquid paraffin. Plasticizers are oligomeric esters widely used to soften thermoplastics such as PVC. They may be made from monomers by linking them together, or by separation from the higher fractions of crude oil. Polybutene is an oligomeric oil used to make putty. Greek prefixes are often used to designate the number of monomer units in the oligomer, for example a tetramer being composed of four units and a hexamer of six.

In biochemistry, the term oligonucleotide - or, informally, "oligo" - is used for short, single-stranded nucleic acid fragments, such as DNA or RNA, or similar fragments of analogs of nucleic acids such as peptide nucleic acid or Morpholinos. Such oligos are used in hybridization experiments (bound to glass slides or nylon membranes), as probes for in situ hybridization or in antisense experiments such as gene knockdowns.^{[citation needed]} It can also refer to a protein complex made of two or more subunits. In this case, a complex made of several different protein subunits is called a hetero-oligomer or heteromer. When only one type of protein subunit is used in the complex, it is called a homo-oligomer or homomer.

Oligomerization is a chemical process that converts monomers to a finite degree of polymerization. The actual figure is a matter of debate, often a value between 10 and 100.^{[citation needed]}

When an oligomer forms as a result of chain transfer the oligomer is called a telomer and the process telomerization.^[2] A telomere is a region of highly repetitive DNA at the end of a linear chromosome.

References

^ IUPAC Goldbook: Oligomer molecule
^ IUPAC Gold Book http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/T06260.pdf

External links

Polymer Structure

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English Journal

The BARD1 BRCT domain contributes to p53 binding, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial localization, and apoptotic function.

Tembe V1, Martino-Echarri E1, Marzec KA1, Mok MT1, Brodie KM1, Mills K1, Lei Y1, DeFazio A1, Rizos H1, Kettle E2, Boadle R2, Henderson BR3.
Cellular signalling.Cell Signal.2015 Sep;27(9):1763-71. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.011. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
BARD1 is a breast cancer tumor suppressor with multiple domains and functions. BARD1 comprises a tandem BRCT domain at the C-terminus, and this sequence has been reported to target BARD1 to distinct subcellular locations such as nuclear DNA breakage sites and the centrosome through binding to regula
PMID 26022179

RNA-Seq analysis and whole genome DNA-binding profile of the Vibrio cholerae histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS).

Ayala JC1, Wang H2, Benitez JA2, Silva AJ2.
Genomics data.Genom Data.2015 Sep 1;5:147-150.
The data described in this article pertain to the genome-wide transcription profiling of a Vibrio cholerae mutant lacking the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) and the mapping of the H-NS chromosome binding sites [1, 2]. H-NS is a nucleoid-associated protein with two interrelated func
PMID 26097806

Dimerization propensities of Synucleins are not predictive for Synuclein aggregation.

Eckermann K1, Kügler S2, Bähr M2.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2015 Aug;1852(8):1658-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.002. Epub 2015 May 8.
Aggregation and fibril formation of human alpha-Synuclein (αS) are neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. The molecular mechanisms of αS aggregation and fibrillogenesis are largely unknown. Several studies suggested a sequence of events from αS dimerizatio
PMID 25960149

Japanese Journal

Cellular localization and detergent dependent oligomerization of rice allene oxide synthase-1

Yoeun Sereyvath,Kim Jeong-Il,Han Oksoo
Journal of plant research 128(1), 201-209, 2015-01
NAID 40020349996

Regioselective Oxidative Oligomerization Reaction of 2-tert-Alkylpyrene and Isolation of Structurally Well-defined 1,3-Pyrenylenes

, ,
Chemistry Letters 44(3), 303-305, 2015
Structurally well-defined pyrene oligomers were synthesized by reacting 2-tert-alkylpyrene with Cu(BF4)2·nH2O in butyronitrile. It was found that the dimer was formed selectively on treatment with 0.5 …
NAID 130004868378

Regioselective Oxidative Oligomerization Reaction of 2-tert-Alkylpyrene and the Isolation of Structurally Well-defined 1,3-Pyrenylenes

, ,
Chemistry Letters advpub(0), 2015
Structurally well-defined pyrene oligomers were synthesized by reacting 2-tert-alkylpyrene with Cu(BF4)2·nH2O in butyronitrile. It was found that the dimer was formed selectively on treatment with 0.5 …
NAID 130004703994

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オリゴマ形成」「オリゴマー形成」「オリゴマー化」「oligomerize」
拡張検索	「nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2」