出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/17 00:16:36」(JST)
A nutritionist is a person who advises on matters of food and nutrition and their impacts on human health. Different professional terms are used in different countries, employment settings and contexts: nutrition scientist, public health nutritionist, dietitian-nutritionist, clinical nutritionist, and sports nutritionist.
The terms "dietitian" (also spelled "dietician") and "nutritionist" are not synonymous.[1] In many countries and jurisdictions, the title "nutritionist" is not subject to professional regulation; thus any person may call themselves a nutritionist/nutrition expert even if they are wholly self-taught.[2] In the United Kingdom, Australia, parts of Canada, and most US states, the term nutritionist is not legally protected, whereas the title of dietitian can be used only by those who have met specified professional requirements. People who have achieved this standard refer to themselves as Registered Dietitians, and use "R.D." after their name. One career counselor attempting to describe the difference between the two professions to Canadian students suggested "all dietitians are nutritionists, but not all nutritionists are dietitians."[3]
The term nutritionist may be associated with practitioners of alternative medicine. Prominent examples include Gillian McKeith and Robert O. Young. There are a sufficiently large number of practicing self-styled nutritionists without appropriate qualifications to be a distraction to the general public. A danger is that many of these unqualified nutritionists can be seen on the World Wide Web to contribute to online health discussions by advising a person to ignore their doctor's prescriptions (those opinions being the considered opinion of a qualified healthcare professional) in favor of some "fad" foodstuff which they claim will cure all ills.[citation needed] Nutritionism, practiced in a responsible way by a qualified person, could be a robust scientific discipline which uses science to formulate guidelines if it were not for the overwhelming numbers of unqualified practitioners.
To obtain the Nutritionist title, one must have studied at a recognized university for four years plus a year practice (internship). The nutritionists are registered at the Conselho Regional de Nutricão.[4] A Nutritionist can prescribe diets, work at hospitals with clinical intervention, or in food production segment.
The title "nutritionist" is protected by provincial law in Quebec and Nova Scotia. The term "Registered Nutritionist" and "Nutritionist" are protected[5] in Alberta. The term “Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist” is protected by law in New Brunswick.[6]
For example, the Nova Scotia Dietetic Association is the regulatory body for professional dietitians and nutritionists in that province, authorized by legislation, the Professional Dietitians Act, "to engage in registration, quality assurance, and when necessary, the discipline of dietitians in Nova Scotia to ensure safe, ethical and competent dietetic practice." Professional requirements include a bachelor's degree in Dietetics/Nutrition from an accredited university, a program of practical training, and successful completion of a registration examination (the "Canadian Dietetic Registration Examination" or CDRE).[7]
Qualified Nutritionist: Any person who is the holder of a degree (baccalaureate, master, doctoral) in dietetics, foods, and nutrition awarded by a university or other institution recognized by the Association. Qualified Dietitian: Any person who is currently holder of a degree or a postgraduate diploma in dietetics recognized by the Council for Professions Supplementary to Medicine (Dietitian Board), the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, British Dietetic Association and the Dietitians Association of Australia, for full membership or equivalent. Details can be found in the Hong Kong Nutrition Association. Job opportunities available in the Hospitals (Government or Private), private consultation companies. In Hong Kong, more and more people are taking note of the importance of balanced diets. The Government, Heart Foundation, Elderly Associations, etc., are keenly promoting in collaboration with local companies like WeCare Nutritionist and Consultants, Nestle, Anlene, etc., resulting in the urgent needs of nutritional professionals.[citation needed]
Dietitians and nutritionists in India held about 150,000 jobs in 2011. More than half of all dietitians and nutritionists worked in hospitals, nursing homes, and physician's offices and clinics.
In Morocco, "Nutritionist" is a protected title and might refer to a researcher in the field of nutrition or to a person who practices therapeutic nutrition. To hold the title of Nutritionist, a person should have carried doctoral studies in the field of nutrition and obtained a Ph.D. degree. On the other hand, the title of "Dietitian" is given to whomever carries studies in nutrition schools for three years and obtains a B.Sc. However, unlike Nutritionists, Dietitians are not given authorization to open private offices and to practice.
In South Africa, nutritionists must be registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa.[8] The Council regulates the professional titles of "Nutritionist", "Student Nutritionist", and "Supplementary Nutritionist", along with "Dietitian", "Student Dietitian", and Supplementary Dietitian". Requirements for eligibility for registration include a recognized bachelor's degree from an accredited educational institution. The undergraduate training should include the three practice areas of therapeutic nutrition, community nutrition, and food service management.
"Nutritionist" is not a protected term in the UK, unlike "dietitian"; the latter must be registered with the Health and Care Professions Council, so anybody can claim to be a nutritionist. The Association for Nutrition[9] is a registered charity that holds the UK Voluntary Register of Nutritionists (UKVRN).
Since 2002, the number of jobs for nutritionists has reportedly grown faster in the National Health Service (NHS) than in any other sector.[10] Despite it being recognized that nutritionists have an increasingly important role to play in health care in the UK, the NHS employs fewer dietitians each year and the profession itself is shrinking.[11]
The need for dietitians and nutritionists is increasing every day with sedentary lifestyles, high consumption of fast food, and other food related health disorders at an all-time high. They also help to increase the resistance for diseases, such as malaria, by providing diets rich in protein and calories.[12] Dietitians and nutritionists can find employment in hospitals, fitness centers, spas, health clubs, colleges, nursing care facilities, canteens, hotels, government, etc. One can also work as consultants or do private practice.
Several professional associations are available to serve nutritionists, dietitians, and food technologists in India, e.g., Nutrition Society of India, Food Scientists and Nutritionists Association India, Indian Dietetic Association, IAPEN [13] etc.
Certified Clinical Nutritionists (CCN) are trained health professionals who offer dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic disease, including possible prevention or remediation by addressing nutritional deficiencies before resorting to drugs.[14]
Certified Nutrition Specialists (CNS) are advanced Nutrition Professionals. These Board Certified Nutritionists typically specialize in obesity and chronic disease. In order to become board certified, a potential CNS candidate must pass an examination. This exam covers specific domains within the health sphere including; Clinical Intervention and Human Health.[15]
Registered dietitian nutritionists (RD; RDN)[16] are health professionals qualified to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice which includes a review of what is eaten, a thorough review of nutritional health, and a personalized nutritional treatment plan. They also provide preventive and therapeutic programs at work places, schools and similar institutions. Government regulation especially in terms of licensing, is currently more universal for the RD or RDN than that of CCN.
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| リンク元 | 「栄養士」「dietician」「栄養学者」 |