薄束核
WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/08 02:04:43」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Gracile nucleus |
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Section of the medulla oblongata at the level of the decussation of the pyramids. Gracile nucleus is #8.
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Dissection of brain-stem. Dorsal view. ("nucleus gracilis" is labeled on left, second from the bottom.)
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| Details |
| Latin |
nucleus gracilis |
| Identifiers |
| Gray's |
p.774 |
| NeuroNames |
hier-763 |
| NeuroLex ID |
Gracile nucleus |
Dorlands
/Elsevier |
n_11/12581325 |
| TA |
A14.1.04.201 |
| FMA |
72602 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
Located in the medulla oblongata, the gracile nucleus is one of the dorsal column nuclei that participate in the sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body (legs and trunk). It contains second-order neurons of the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway, which receive inputs from sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and send axons that synapse in the thalamus.
The neurons contained within the nucleus form a visible bump called the gracile tubercle on the posterior side of the closed medulla at the floor of the fourth ventricle.
The gracile nucleus and fasciculus carry epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from the lower part of the body (below the level of T6 in the spinal cord). The counterpart to the gracile nucleus and fasciculus is the cuneate nucleus and fasciculus, which carries the same type of information, but from the upper body (above T6, excepting the face and ear - the information from the face and ear is carried by the principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve).
Additional images
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Dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
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Deep dissection of brain-stem. Lateral view.
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Superior terminations of the posterior fasciculi of the medulla spinalis.
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Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive.
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Diagram showing the course of the arcuate fibers.
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The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive.
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Scheme showing the course of the fibers of the lemniscus; medial lemniscus in blue, lateral in red.
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Transverse section passing through the sensory decussation.
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Deep dissection of cortex and brain-stem.
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Fourth ventricle. Posterioe view.Deep dissection.
External links
- Stained brain slice images which include the "gracile%20nucleus" at the BrainMaps project
- NIF Search - Gracile Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework
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Anatomy of the medulla
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| Grey matter |
| Cranial nuclei |
| afferent: |
- Solitary nucleus
- tract
- Dorsal respiratory group
- Gustatory nucleus
- Vestibular nuclei
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| efferent: |
- Hypoglossal nucleus
- Nucleus ambiguus
- Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
- Inferior salivatory nucleus
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| Dorsal |
- Gracile nucleus
- Cuneate nucleus
- Accessory cuneate nucleus
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| Ventral |
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- Ventral respiratory group
- Arcuate nucleus of medulla
- Rostral ventromedial medulla
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| White matter |
| Dorsal |
- Sensory
- Sensory decussation
- Medial lemniscus
- Juxtarestiform body
- Ascending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
- Motor
- Descending dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- Medial longitudinal fasciculus
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| Ventral |
- Descending tracts
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Rubro-olivary tract
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| Surface |
| Front |
- Pyramid
- decussation
- Anterior median fissure
- Anterolateral sulcus
- Olive
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| Back |
- Posterior median sulcus
- Posterolateral sulcus
- Area postrema
- Vagal trigone
- Hypoglossal trigone
- Medial eminence
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle
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| Grey |
- Reticular formation
- Gigantocellular
- Parvocellular
- Ventral
- Lateral
- Paramedian
- Raphe nuclei
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Index of the central nervous system
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| Description |
- Anatomy
- meninges
- cortex
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- lateral ventricles
- basal ganglia
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- spinal cord
- Physiology
- Development
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| Disease |
- Cerebral palsy
- Meningitis
- Demyelinating diseases
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Headache
- Stroke
- Sleep
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- head and neck
- eponymous
- lesions
- Tests
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| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- general anesthetics
- analgesics
- addiction
- epilepsy
- cholinergics
- migraine
- Parkinson's
- vertigo
- other
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Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
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Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
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| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
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| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
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Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
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| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
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Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
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| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
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| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
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| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
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- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
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| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
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| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
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| nigrostriatal pathway: |
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| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
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| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
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Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
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| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
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Index of the central nervous system
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- meninges
- cortex
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- lateral ventricles
- basal ganglia
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- spinal cord
- Physiology
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Cerebral palsy
- Meningitis
- Demyelinating diseases
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Headache
- Stroke
- Sleep
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- head and neck
- eponymous
- lesions
- Tests
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- general anesthetics
- analgesics
- addiction
- epilepsy
- cholinergics
- migraine
- Parkinson's
- vertigo
- other
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Evolutionary History of the Enzymes Involved in the Calvin-Benson Cycle in Euglenids.
- Markunas CM1, Triemer RE1.
- The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology.J Eukaryot Microbiol.2015 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/jeu.12282. [Epub ahead of print]
- Euglenids are an ancient lineage that may have existed as early as two billion years ago. A mere 65 years ago, Melvin Calvin and Andrew A. Benson performed experiments on Euglena gracilis and elucidated the series of reactions by which carbon was fixed and reduced during photosynthesis. However, the
- PMID 26566594
- Single high-concentration capsaicin application prevents c-Fos expression in spinothalamic and postsynaptic dorsal column neurons after surgical incision.
- Uchytilova E1, Spicarova D1, Palecek J1.
- European journal of pain (London, England).Eur J Pain.2015 Nov;19(10):1496-505. doi: 10.1002/ejp.683. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
- BACKGROUND: Allodynia and hyperalgesia present after surgical interventions are often a major complain of surgical patients. It is thought that both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to these symptoms. In this study, the role of peripheral nerve fibres that express transient receptor pote
- PMID 25716421
- Spermatological characters of the digenean Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Molin, 1859) (Microphalloidea: Zoogonidae), a parasite of the teleost fish Belone belone gracilis.
- Kacem H1, Ndiaye PI2, Neifar L3, Torres J4, Miquel J4.
- Tissue & cell.Tissue Cell.2015 Aug;47(4):431-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 May 21.
- The ultrastructural organization of the spermatozoon of the digenean Lecithostaphylus retroflexus (Microphalloidea: Zoogonidae) was described. Alive digeneans were collected from Belone belone gracilis (Teleostei: Belonidae), caught from the Gulf of Gabès in Chebba (Tunisia). The mature spermatozoo
- PMID 26025421
Japanese Journal
- 脊椎動物胚の左右非対称性成立機構について--内臓と脳神経系の左右性決定の研究小史
- 豊泉 龍児,茂木 和枝
- 神奈川大学理学誌 20(2), 291-296, 2009
- … In teleosts, left-handedparapineal projections to the left habenula nucleus and left-right asymmetrical gene expressions in the habenulae are the most attractive lateralized phenomena for developmental biologists. …
- NAID 120002114256
- Morphometric Development of the Posterior Funicular Nucleus in the Human Medulla Oblongata
- MA Xiaoxin,GOTO Noboru,GOTO Jun,NONAKA Naoko,SHIBATA Masakazu
- Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 83(2), 35-42, 2006
- … Using serial sections of 11 human brains of fetuses 18-40 weeks of gestation (WG), 2-month-old infant and 63-year-old adult, we conducted the quantitative analysis of the development of the posterior funicular nucleus (PFN) in the medulla oblongata. …
- NAID 130004773563
- Development of the Human Gracilis Nucleus: A Morphometric Evaluation
- MA Xiao-xin,GOTO Noboru,GOTO Jun,EZURE Hiromitsu,LU Shuang
- Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 78(4), 115-122, 2001
- … The development of the human gracilis nucleus was studied on serial sections of the brain of 9 fetuses and neonates at 18-40 weeks of gestation, a two-month-old infant and a 63-year-old adult using a microscope with a drawing tube and an image-analyzing computer system. …
- NAID 130004990725
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★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- gracile nucleus (KH)
- ラ
- nucleus gracilis
- 同
- Goll核,ゴル核
- 関
- 薄束、楔状束、楔状束核。後索-内側毛帯系
- 延髄、背面の正中寄りに存在
- 灰白質の塊
- 下肢の感覚を伝導する
-gracile nucleus
-nucleus gracilis