north

• 北

関

northern

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. situated in or facing or moving toward or coming from the north; "artists like north light"; "the north portico"
2. the cardinal compass point that is at 0 or 360 degrees (同)due north, northward, N
3. the direction in which a compass needle points (同)magnetic_north, compass north
4. the direction corresponding to the northward cardinal compass point
5. a location in the northern part of a country, region, or city
6. in a northern direction; "they earn more up north"; "Lets go north!" (同)northerly, northwards, northward
7. situated in or coming from regions of the north; "the northern hemisphere"; "northern autumn colors"
8. in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line; "Northern liberals"; "northern industry"; "northern cities"
9. situated in the northern part of a centrally located area in some geographical region; "the north-central part of Russia"
10. being in or of a region of the United States generally including states of the upper Mississippi valley and Great Lakes region lying north of the Ohio River and the southern boundaries of Kansas and Missouri and between the western boundary of Pennsylvania and the eastern boundaries of Montana and Wyoming and Colorado
11. the quality of being unorthodox (同)heterodoxy
12. any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position (同)heterodoxy, heresy
13. breaking with convention or tradition; "an unorthodox lifestyle"
14. British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792) (同)Frederick North, Second Earl of Guilford
15. the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《the~》『北』;北方 / 《the~,the N-》北部[地方],北方[地域] / 《the N-》米国の北部諸州(特にOhio川以北のMaryland州・Missouri州を含む諸州;南北戦争で南部同盟諸州と戦った) / 『北の』,北部の,北向きの;北からの / 『北に』,北方へ
2. 『北の』,河[部]にある;北に向かう / 北からの / 《しばしばN-》北部特有の,北部ふうの;(特に)米国北部の
3. 正統でない,伝統に則さない
4. 北へ(に) / 北の;北へ向かう / 北部,北方
5. 磁北極
6. 《neither…nor,で》…『も』,『も』…『ない』,また…ない(or not) / 《not,no,neverなどを含む否定節の後で,さらに次に続く内容を否定して》…『もまた』…『ない』 / 《肯定文の後,または文頭に置いて,次に続く内容を否定して》『そしてまた』…『ない』(and not)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/09/22 23:29:51」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see North (disambiguation).

A 16-point compass rose with north highlighted and at top.

North is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. North is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west.

Etymology

The word north is related to the Old High German nord, both descending from the Proto-Indo-European unit ner-, meaning "down" (or "under"). (Presumably a natural primitive description of its concept is "to the left of the rising sun".)

The Latin word borealis comes from the Greek boreas "north wind, north", which, according to Ovid, was personified as the son of the river-god Strymon, the father of Calais and Zetes. Septentrionalis is from septentriones, "the seven plow oxen", a name of Ursa Maior. The Greek arktikos is named for the same constellation, and is the derivation of the English word "Arctic".

Other languages have sometimes more interesting derivations. For example, in Lezgian, kefer can mean both 'disbelief' and 'north', since to the north of the Muslim Lezgian homeland there are areas formerly inhabited by non-Muslim Caucasian and Turkic peoples. In many languages of Mesoamerica, "north" also means "up". In Hungarian the word for north is észak, which is derived from éjszaka ("night"), since above the Tropic of Cancer, the Sun never shines from the north, except inside the Arctic Circle during the summer midnight sun.

The direction north is often associated with colder climates due to the fact that most of the world's land at high latitudes are located in the northern hemisphere.

Mapping

By convention, the top side of a map is often north.

To go north using a compass for navigation, set a bearing or azimuth of 0° or 360°.

North is specifically the direction that, in Western culture, is treated as the fundamental direction:

• North is used (explicitly or implicitly) to define all other directions.
• The (visual) top edges of maps usually correspond to the northern edge of the area represented, unless explicitly stated otherwise or landmarks are considered more useful for that territory than specific directions.
• On any rotating non-astronomical object, north denotes the side appearing to rotate counter-clockwise when viewed from afar along the axis of rotation.

Magnetic north and declination

Magnetic north is of interest because it is the direction indicated as north on a properly functioning (but uncorrected) magnetic compass. The difference between it and true north is called the magnetic declination (or simply the declination where the context is clear). For many purposes and physical circumstances, the error in direction that results from ignoring the distinction is tolerable; in others a mental or instrument compensation, based on assumed knowledge of the applicable declination, can solve all the problems. But simple generalizations on the subject should be treated as unsound, and as likely to reflect popular misconceptions about terrestrial magnetism.

Maps intended for usage in orienteering by compass will clearly indicate the local declination for easy correction to true north. Maps may also indicate grid north, which is a navigational term referring to the direction northwards along the grid lines of a map projection.

Roles of north as prime direction

The visible rotation of the night sky around the visible celestial pole provides a vivid metaphor of that direction corresponding to up. Thus the choice of the north as corresponding to up in the northern hemisphere, or of south in that role in the southern, is, prior to world-wide communication, anything but an arbitrary one. On the contrary, it is of interest that Chinese and Islamic culture even considered south as the proper top end for maps.

In Western culture:

• Maps tend to be drawn for viewing with either true north or magnetic north at the top
• Globes of the earth have the North Pole at the top, or if the Earth's axis is represented as inclined from vertical (normally by the angle it has relative to the axis of the Earth's orbit), in the top half.
• Maps are usually labelled to indicate which direction on the map corresponds to a direction on the earth,
  • usually with a single arrow oriented to the map's representation of true north,
  • occasionally with a single arrow oriented to the map's representation of magnetic north, or two arrows oriented to true and magnetic north respectively,
  • occasionally with a compass rose, but if so, usually on a map with north at the top and usually with north decorated more prominently than any other compass point.
• Up is a metaphor for north. The notion that north should always be up and east at the right was established by the Greek astronomer Ptolemy. The historian Daniel Boorstin suggests that perhaps this was because the better-known places in his world were in the northern hemisphere, and on a flat map these were most convenient for study if they were in the upper right-hand corner.

Roles of east and west as inherently subsidiary directions

While the choice of north over south as prime direction reflects quite arbitrary historical factors, east and west are not nearly as natural alternatives as first glance might suggest. Their folk definitions are, respectively, "where the sun rises" and "where it sets". Except on the Equator, however, these definitions, taken together, would imply that

• east and west would not be 180 degrees apart, but instead would differ from that by up to twice the degrees of latitude of the location in question, and
• they would each move slightly from day to day and, in the temperate zones, markedly over the course of the year.

Reasonably accurate folk astronomy, such as is usually attributed to Stone Age peoples or later Celts, would arrive at east and west by noting the directions of rising and setting (preferably more than once each) and choosing as prime direction one of the two mutually opposite directions that lie halfway between those two. The true folk-astronomical definitions of east and west are "the directions, a right angle from the prime direction, that are closest to the rising and setting, respectively, of the sun (or moon).

Cultural references

Being the "default" direction on the compass, north is referred to frequently in Western popular culture. Some examples include:

• The phrase "north of X" is often used by Americans to mean "more than X" or "greater than X", i.e. "The world population is north of 7 billion people" or "north of 40 [years old]".

See also

• Nordicity
• List of northernmost items
• Nordicism
• Northing
• Septentrional

References

External links

• The dictionary definition of north at Wiktionary

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1968年、米国のカリフォルニア州バークレーで創業。高品質のグースダウンを惜しげもなく使用したクオリティの高いスリーピングバッグ、ダウンパーカの原形ともいえるシェラ・パーカ、世界初のドーム型テント「オーバルインテンション ...

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グラフィックandキャラクターデザイン、そしてNORTH COFFEEのNORTHです。

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定休日が毎週月曜日に変わりました。 （月曜が祝日の場合は定休日を火曜に振替させて頂きます） お客様にはご迷惑おかけ致しますが、 月曜日の営業については御相談ください。 どうぞよろしくお願い致します。

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「北」
拡張検索	「northern」

「北」

　　[★]

英

north、northern

関

ノーザン、ノーザンブロット、ノザン、北部

「northern」

　　[★]

• 北の、北部の、ノーザンの、ノザンの、(Nを大文字で用いる例が多数である)ーザンブロットの

関

north、Northern blot