WordNet
- enteritis characterized by bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal pain
- inflammation of the intestine (especially the small intestine); usually characterized by diarrhea
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 腸炎
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/01 01:07:37」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Clostridial necrotizing enteritis |
| Classification and external resources |
| ICD-10 |
A05.2 |
| ICD-9 |
005.2 |
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2008) |
Clostridial necrotizing enteritis (CNE), also called enteritis necroticans and pigbel, is an often fatal type of food poisoning caused by a β-toxin of Clostridium perfringens,[1] Type C. It occurs in some developing countries, but was also documented in Germany following World War II. The toxin is normally inactivated by certain proteolytic enzymes and by normal cooking, but when these protections are impeded, the disease emerges.
Contents
- 1 Etiology
- 2 Clinical aspects
- 3 Other Clostridial toxemias
- 4 See also
- 5 References
Etiology
All the factors collectively causing CNE are generally only present in the hinterlands of New Guinea and parts of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. These factors include protein deprivation (causing inadequate synthesis of trypsin protease (an enzyme), to which the toxin is very sensitive), poor food hygiene, episodic meat feasting, staple diets containing trypsin inhibitors (sweet potatoes), and infection by Ascaris parasites which secrete a trypsin inhibitor. In New Guinea (origin of the term “pigbel”), the disease is usually spread through contaminated meat (especially pork) and perhaps by peanuts. (CNE was also diagnosed in post WWII Germany, where it was known as Darmbrand or "fire bowels").
Clinical aspects
CNE is a necrotizing inflammation of the small bowel (especially the jejunum but also the ileum). Clinical results may vary from mild diarrhea to a life-threatening sequence of severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stool, ulceration of the small intestine with leakage (perforation) into the peritoneal cavity and possible death within a single day due to peritonitis. Many patients exhibit meteorism. Treatment involves suppressing the toxin-producing organisms with antibiotics such as penicillin G or metronidazole. About half of seriously ill patients require surgery for perforation, persistent intestinal obstruction, or failure to respond to the antibiotics. An investigational toxoid vaccine has been used successfully in some developing countries but is not available outside of research.
Other Clostridial toxemias
- Leukemia patients, cancer chemotherapy recipients and others suffering from suppressed white blood cells (neutropenia) can be afflicted by a similar syndrome, neutropenic enterocolitis, in which the cecum is targeted by Clostridium septicum in much the same way.
- In neonatal intensive-care units, the syndrome of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis may be caused in a similar way by C. perfringens, C. butyricum, and C. difficile, but this has not been proved.
See also
- Protein poisoning refers to a different diet-induced phenomenon.
References
- ^ "Clostridial Necrotizing Enteritis: Anaerobic Bacteria: Merck Manual Professional". Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- Cooke RA (1979). "Pig Bel". Perspect Pediatr Pathol 5: 137–52. PMID 575409.
- Murrell TG, Roth L, Egerton J, Samels J, Walker PD (January 1966). "Pig-bel: enteritis necroticans. A study in diagnosis and management". Lancet 1 (7431): 217–22. PMID 4159182.
- Murrell TG, Egerton JR, Rampling A, Samels J, Walker PD (September 1966). "The ecology and epidemiology of the pig-bel syndrome in man in New Guinea". J Hyg (Lond) 64 (3): 375–96. doi:10.1017/S0022172400040663. PMC 2134745. PMID 4288244.
- Nuland, Sherwin B., “The Beast in the Belly”, Discover, Vol. 16 No. 02 (February 1995).
- Firmicutes (low-G+C) Infectious diseases
- Bacterial diseases: G+
- primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109
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| Bacilli |
Lactobacillales
(Cat-) |
| Streptococcus |
| α |
| optochin susceptible: |
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| optochin resistant: |
- S. viridans: S. mitis
- S. mutans
- S. oralis
- S. sanguinis
- S. sobrinus
- milleri group
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| β |
| A: |
- bacitracin susceptible: S. pyogenes
- Group A streptococcal infection
- Streptococcal pharyngitis
- Scarlet fever
- Erysipelas
- Rheumatic fever
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| B: |
- bacitracin resistant, CAMP test+: S. agalactiae
- Group B streptococcal infection
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| ungrouped: |
- Streptococcus iniae
- Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection
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| γ |
- D
- BEA+: Streptococcus bovis
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| Enterococcus |
- BEA+: Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterococcus faecium
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Bacillales
(Cat+) |
| Staphylococcus |
| Cg+: |
- S. aureus
- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
- Toxic shock syndrome
- MRSA
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| Cg-: |
- novobiocin susceptible
- novobiocin resistant
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| Bacillus |
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
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| Listeria |
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| Clostridia |
| Clostridium (spore-forming) |
| motile: |
- Clostridium difficile
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium tetani
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| nonmotile: |
- Clostridium perfringens
- Gas gangrene
- Clostridial necrotizing enteritis
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| Peptostreptococcus (non-spore forming) |
- Peptostreptococcus magnus
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| Mollicutes |
| Mycoplasmataceae |
- Ureaplasma urealyticum
- Mycoplasma genitalium
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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| Anaeroplasmatales |
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
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gr+f/gr+a (t)/gr-p (c)/gr-o
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drug (J1p, w, n, m, vacc)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Tankyrase Inhibition Causes Reversible Intestinal Toxicity in Mice with a Therapeutic Index < 1.
- Zhong Y1, Katavolos P2, Nguyen T2, Lau T3, Boggs J4, Sambrone A5, Kan D6, Merchant M6, Harstad E2, Diaz D2, Costa M3, Schutten M2.
- Toxicologic pathology.Toxicol Pathol.2015 Dec 20. pii: 0192623315621192. [Epub ahead of print]
- Activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling is frequently associated with colorectal cancer. Wnt inhibitors, including tankyrase inhibitors, are being explored as potential anticancer agents. Wnt signaling is also critical for intestinal tissue homeostasis, and Wnt inhibitors have been shown to cause intesti
- PMID 26692561
- Clinical outcomes in surgical and non-surgical management of hepatic portal venous gas.
- Yoo SK1, Park JH1, Kwon SH1.
- Korean journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery.Korean J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg.2015 Nov;19(4):181-7. doi: 10.14701/kjhbps.2015.19.4.181. Epub 2015 Nov 30.
- BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is a rare condition, with poor prognosis and a mortality rate of up to 75%. Indications for surgical and non-surgical management of HPVG including associated complications and mortality remain to be clarified.METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2
- PMID 26693238
- Necrotizing Enteritis and Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Associated With Equine Coronavirus Infection in Equids.
- Giannitti F1, Diab S2, Mete A2, Stanton JB3, Fielding L4, Crossley B2, Sverlow K2, Fish S2, Mapes S5, Scott L6, Pusterla N5.
- Veterinary pathology.Vet Pathol.2015 Nov;52(6):1148-56. doi: 10.1177/0300985814568683. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
- Equine coronavirus (ECoV) is a Betacoronavirus recently associated clinically and epidemiologically with emerging outbreaks of pyrogenic, enteric, and/or neurologic disease in horses in the United States, Japan, and Europe. We describe the pathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecu
- PMID 25648965
Japanese Journal
- Genetic and antigenic analysis of <i>Chlamydia pecorum</i> strains isolated from calves with diarrhea
- Genetic and antigenic analysis of <i>Chlamydia pecorum</i> strains isolated from calves with diarrhea
- 遷延する発熱に対し生検にて診断した腸間膜原発壊死性リンパ節炎の1例
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- necrotizing enterocolitis、necrotising enterocolitis, necrotizing enteritis, NEC
- ラ
- enteritis necroticans
[★]
- 関
- necrotic、necrotising