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a medicine promoting expectoration (同)expectorator

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痰(たん)が出るのを促す / 去痰(きょたん)剤

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/30 19:22:33」(JST)

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Mucokinetics are a class of drugs which aid in the clearance of mucus from the airways, lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Such drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action.

mucolytic agents
expectorants
wetting agents / hypoviscosity agents
abhesives / surfactants

In general, clearance ability is hampered by bonding to surfaces (stickiness) and by the viscosity of mucous secretions in the lungs. In turn, the viscosity is dependent upon the concentration of mucoprotein in the secretions.

Expectorants and mucolytic agents are different types of medication, yet both intend to promote drainage of mucus from the lungs.

An expectorant (from the Latin expectorare, to expel from the chest) works by signaling the body to increase the amount or hydration of secretions, resulting in more yet clearer secretions and as a byproduct lubricating the irritated respiratory tract. One expectorant guaifenesin is commonly available in many cough syrups. Often the term "expectorant" is incorrectly extended to any cough medicine, since it is a universal component.^[1]

A mucolytic agent is an agent which dissolves thick mucus and is usually used to help relieve respiratory difficulties. It does so by dissolving various chemical bonds within secretions, which in turn can lower the viscosity by altering the mucin-containing components.

Alternatively, attacking the affinity between secretions and the biological surfaces is another avenue, which is used by abhesives and surfactants.

Any of these effects could potentially improve airway clearance during coughing.

An expectorant increases bronchial secretions and mucolytics help loosen thick bronchial secretions. Expectorants reduce the thickness or viscosity of bronchial secretions thus increasing mucus flow that can be removed more easily through coughing, Mucolytics break down the chemical structure of mucus molecules. The mucus becomes thinner and can be removed more easily through coughing.

—Adams, Holland, & Bostwick, 2008, p. 591

Availability[edit]

Many brands are available on the market with mucolytic action like Mucomelt-A which generally contain acetylcysteine and ambroxol.

Potential Applications[edit]

cough
COPD
asthma
bronchitis
bronchiectasis
emphysema
cystic fibrosis

References[edit]

^ "Definition of Expectorant". MedicineNet. MedicineNet.com. Retrieved 14 December 2010.

Adams, Holland, & Bostwick (2008). Pharmacology for Nurses: A Pathophysiologic approach. Author. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
http://www.rcjournal.com/contents/07.02/07.02.0818.cfm
http://www.rcjournal.com/contents/07.07/07.07.0859.pdf

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UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Inhaled mannitol for cystic fibrosis.

Nolan SJ1, Thornton J, Murray CS, Dwyer T.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2015 Oct 9;10:CD008649. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Several agents are used to clear secretions from the airways of people with cystic fibrosis. Inhaled dry powder mannitol is now available in Australia and some countries in Europe. The exact mechanism of action of mannitol is unknown, but it increases mucociliary clearance. Phase III tri
PMID 26451533

Mucolytic Agents Can Enhance HER2 Receptor Accessibility for [(89)Zr]Trastuzumab, Improving HER2 Imaging in a Mucin-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Xenograft Mouse Model.

Wimana Z1,2, Gebhart G3, Guiot T3, Vanderlinden B3, Morandini R4, Doumont G5, Sherer F5, Van Simaeys G5, Goldman S5, Ghanem G3,4, Flamen P3.
Molecular imaging and biology : MIB : the official publication of the Academy of Molecular Imaging.Mol Imaging Biol.2015 Oct;17(5):697-703. doi: 10.1007/s11307-015-0840-x.
PURPOSE: Binding of trastuzumab to HER2 receptors can be impaired by steric hindrance caused by mucin MUC4. As mucolytic drugs can breakdown disulfide bonds of mucoproteins, we checked if this approach could positively affect zirconium-89-labeled trastuzumab ([(89)Zr]T) binding/uptake.PROCEDURES: Th
PMID 25761907

Inhibitory effect of 2‑mercaptoethane sulfonate on the formation of Escherichia coli biofilms in vitro.

Chen S1, He N1, Yu J2, Li L2, Sun F3, Hu Y1, Deng R1, Zhong S1, Shen L1.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Oct;12(4):5223-30. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4112. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
The biofilms (BF) formed by Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important cause of chronic and recurrent infections due to its capacity to persist on medical surfaces and indwelling devices, demonstrating the importance of inhibiting the formation of E. coli BF and reducing BF infection. Although 2�
PMID 26238522