モノメチルヒドラジン
- 関
- methylhydrazine
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/08 20:44:32」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Monomethylhydrazine |
|
|
|
|
| Identifiers |
| CAS number |
60-34-4 Y |
| PubChem |
6061 |
| ChemSpider |
5837 Y |
| EC number |
200-471-4 |
| UN number |
1244 |
| MeSH |
Monomethylhydrazine |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL160520 Y |
| RTECS number |
MV5600000 |
| Beilstein Reference |
635645 |
| Jmol-3D images |
Image 1 |
|
|
-
InChI=1S/CH6N2/c1-3-2/h3H,2H2,1H3 Y
Key: HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
|
| Properties |
| Molecular formula |
CH6N2 |
| Molar mass |
46.07 g mol−1 |
| Appearance |
Colourless liquid |
| Odor |
fishy, ammoniacal |
| Density |
875 mg mL−1 (at 20 °C) |
| Melting point |
−52 °C (−62 °F; 221 K) |
| Boiling point |
91 °C; 196 °F; 364 K |
| log P |
−1.318 |
| Vapor pressure |
5.00 kPa (at 20 °C) |
| Refractive index (nD) |
1.4325 |
| Thermochemistry |
Specific
heat capacity C |
134.93 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar
entropy So298 |
165.94 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298 |
54.14 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion ΔcHo298 |
−1305.8–−1304.6 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards |
| MSDS |
inchem.org |
| GHS pictograms |
|
| GHS signal word |
DANGER |
| GHS hazard statements |
H225, H300, H311, H314, H330, H351, H411 |
| GHS precautionary statements |
P210, P260, P273, P280, P284 |
| EU classification |
F+ T+ N |
| R-phrases |
R11, R24/25, R26, R34, R40, R51/53 |
| S-phrases |
S16, S26, S36/37/39, S45, S60 |
| NFPA 704 |
|
| Flash point |
20 °C (68 °F; 293 K) |
| Explosive limits |
2.5–97% |
| LD50 |
32 mg kg−1 (oral, rat) |
| Related compounds |
| Related compounds |
- Methylamine
- Ethylamine
- Ethylenediamine
|
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) |
| Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?) |
| Infobox references |
|
|
Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine chemical with the chemical formula CH3 (NH)NH2. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) and nitric acid (HNO3). As a propellant, it is described in specification MIL-PRF-27404.[2]
MMH is a hydrazine derivative used in the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) and reaction control system (RCS) engines of NASA's Space Shuttle, which used MMH and MON-3 (a mixture of nitrogen tetroxide with approximately 3% nitric oxide). This chemical is toxic and carcinogenic in small amounts, but it is easily stored in outer space providing moderate performance for very low fuel tank system weight. Recently the European Space Agency (ESA) has attempted to seek new options in terms of bipropellant rocket combinations to avoid poisonous chemicals such as this and its relatives.[3]
MMH and its chemical relative unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) have a key advantage that they are stable enough to be used in regeneratively cooled rocket engines. The Apollo Lunar Modules used a one-to-one mixture of hydrazine and UDMH (called Aerozine 50, or A-50) as one part of the rocket fuel for lunar landings and takeoff: the rocket motors formed a hypergolic mixture of the hydrazines with liquid dinitrogen tetroxide as the usual oxidizer. (Otherwise, red fuming nitric acid works.) About three tons of mixed hydrazines and four and one half tons of the oxidizer were required for each landing, and about one-third of those amounts for the lunar take-off to orbit.[4]
Monomethylhydrazine is believed to be the main cause of the toxicity of Gyromitra genus mushrooms, especially the false morel (Gyromitra esculenta). In these cases, MMH is formed by the hydrolysis of gyromitrin.[5]
Monomethylhydrazine is considered to be a possible occupational carcinogen,[6] and the occupational exposure limits to MMH are set at protective levels to account for the possible carcinogenicity.[7]
References
- ^ "Monomethylhydrazine - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 2 May 2012.
- ^ MIL-PRF-27404 (1997-10-01). "Performance Specification, Propellant, Monomethylhydrazine". Retrieved 2011-05-21.
- ^ International Conference on Green Propellant for Space Propulsion, European Space Agency
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford: Pergamon Press. p. 492. ISBN 0-08-022057-6.
- ^ Pyysalo H. (1975). "Some new toxic compounds in false morels, Gyromitra esculenta". Naturwissenschaften 62 (8): 395. doi:10.1007/BF00625355. PMID 1238907.
- ^ Documentation for Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentrations (IDLHs), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
|
Hydrazines
|
|
- 4-PTSC
- Acylhydrazine
- ADH
- Adjudin
- Agaritine
- Benmoxin
- Cadralazine
- Carbazide
- Carbidopa
- Carbohydrazide
- Daminozide
- Dihydralazine
- DNPH
- Endralazine
- Gyromitrin
- HBT
- Hydralazine
- Hydrazide
- Hydrazine
- Hydrazone
- Iproclozide
- Iproniazid
- Isocarboxazid
- Isoniazid
- Mebanazine
- Metfendrazine
- MMH
- Nialamide
- Octamoxin
- PEH
- Phenelzine
- Pheniprazine
- Phenoxypropazine
- Phenylhydrazine
- Pildralazine
- Pimagedine
- Pivalylbenzhydrazine
- Procarbazine
- Safrazine
- Semicarbazide
- Semicarbazone
- SDMH
- Tetrafluorohydrazine
- UDMH
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Enantioselective synthesis of epoxides having a tetrasubstituted trifluoromethylated carbon center: methylhydrazine-induced aerobic epoxidation of β,β-disubstituted enones.
- Kawai H1, Okusu S, Yuan Z, Tokunaga E, Yamano A, Shiro M, Shibata N.
- Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English).Angew Chem Int Ed Engl.2013 Feb 18;52(8):2221-5. doi: 10.1002/anie.201209355. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
- PMID 23339133
- Reactive dynamics study of hypergolic bipropellants: monomethylhydrazine and dinitrogen tetroxide.
- Liu Y1, Zybin SV, Guo J, van Duin AC, Goddard WA 3rd.
- The journal of physical chemistry. B.J Phys Chem B.2012 Dec 6;116(48):14136-45. doi: 10.1021/jp308351g. Epub 2012 Nov 19.
- To gain an atomistic-level understanding on physical and chemical processes occurring at the interfaces of hypergolic propellants, we carried out the first reactive dynamic (ReaxFF) simulations to study the reactive hypergolic mixture of monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and dinitrogen tetroxide (NTO), in c
- PMID 23148488
- Ab initio kinetics for thermal decomposition of CH3N•NH2, cis-CH3NHN•H, trans-CH3NHN•H, and C•H2NNH2 radicals.
- Sun H1, Zhang P, Law CK.
- The journal of physical chemistry. A.J Phys Chem A.2012 Aug 23;116(33):8419-30. doi: 10.1021/jp3045675. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
- The thermal decomposition of the CH(3)N(•)NH(2), cis-CH(3)NHN(•)H, trans-CH(3)NHN(•)H, and C(•)H(2)NNH(2) radicals, which are the four radical products from the H-abstraction reactions of monomethylhydrazine, were theoretically studied by using ab initio Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM)
- PMID 22813206
Japanese Journal
- Carbon Reduction in GaAsN Thin Films by Flow-Rate-Modulated Chemical Beam Epitaxy
- Nishimura Kenichi,Suzuki Hidetoshi,Saito Kenji [他],Ohshita Yoshio,Kojima Nobuaki,Yamaguchi Masafumi
- Jpn J Appl Phys 47(4), 2072-2075, 2008-04-25
- The flow-rate-modulated chemical beam epitaxy (FM-CBE) method was developed and implemented on the basis of the discussion of the desorption velocities of absorbed species originating from N source ga …
- NAID 150000050191
- Chemical Beam Epitaxy of GaAsN Thin Films with Monomethylhydrazine as N Source
- Nishimura Kenichi,Lee Hae-Seok,Suzuki Hidetoshi [他],Ohshita Yoshio,Yamaguchi Masafumi
- Jpn J Appl Phys 46(5A), 2844-2847, 2007-05-15
- … GaAsN thin films were grown by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) with monomethylhydrazine (MMHy) as a N source. …
- NAID 150000048702
- Role of Nitrogen Precursor Supplies on InAs Quantum Dot Surfaces in Their Emission Wavelengths
- Suemune Ikuo,Sasikala Ganapathy,Kumano Hidekazu [他],Uesugi Katsuhiro,Nabetani Yoichi,Matsumoto Takashi,Maeng J.-T.,Seong Tae Yeon
- Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 2, Letters 45(21), L529-L532, 2006-06-25
- … The role of nitrogen (N) in emission wavelengths from InAs quantum dots (QDs) was studied with intentional supplies of a N precursor (monomethylhydrazine) to InAs dot surfaces just before burying them with GaAs capping layers by metalorganic molecular-beam epitaxy. …
- NAID 150000014065
Related Links
- Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) is a volatile hydrazine chemical with the chemical formula CH3 (NH)NH2. It is used as a rocket propellant in bipropellant rocket engines because it is hypergolic with various oxidizers such as nitrogen tetroxide ...
- Gnome-x-office-drawing.svg, これのベクター画像 (SVG) が利用できます。 使う目的 に対し、元画像よりもSVGがより優れている場合、SVG画像を使用して下さい。 File: Monomethylhydrazine.png Gnome-go-next.svg File:Monomethylhydrazine.svg ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
メチルヒドラジン
- 関
- monomethylhydrazine