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- monoacylglycerol
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2012/08/06 17:28:29」(JST)
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General chemical structure of a 1-monoacylglycerol
File:2-moneydyglycerol.svg
General chemical structure of a 2-monoacylglycerol
A monoglyceride, more correctly known as a monoacylglycerol, is a glyceride consisting of one fatty acid chain covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through an ester linkage.[1]
Monoacylglycerol can be broadly divided into two groups; 1-monoacylglycerols and 2-monoacylglycerols, depending on the position of the ester bond on the glycerol moiety.
Monoacylglycerols can be formed by both industrial chemical and biological processes. They are formed biochemically via release of a fatty acid from diacylglycerol by diacylglycerol lipase. Monoacylglycerols are broken down by monoacylglycerol lipase.
Mono- and diglycerides are commonly added to commercial food products in small quantities. They act as emulsifiers, helping to mix ingredients such as oil and water that would not otherwise blend well.[2]
The commercial source may be either animal (cow- or hog-derived) or vegetable, and they may be synthetically made as well. They are often found in bakery products, beverages, ice cream, chewing gum, shortening, whipped toppings, margarine, and confections.[citation needed] When used in bakery products, monoglycerides improve loaf volume, and create a smooth, soft crumb.
One special monoacylglycerol, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, is a full agonist of the cannabinoid receptors. Another important monoacylglycerol is 2-oleoylglycerol, which is a GPR119 agonist.[3]
See also
References
- ^ "Monoacylglycerols". Cyberlipid Center. http://www.cyberlipid.org/glycer/glyc0002.htm.
- ^ "Questions About Food Ingredients". Vegetarian Resource Group. http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/faqingredients.htm#mono. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
- ^ Hansen, K. B.; Rosenkilde, M. M.; Knop, F. K.; Wellner, N.; Diep, T. A.; Rehfeld, J. F.; Andersen, U. B.; Holst, J. J. et al. (2011). "2-Oleoyl Glycerol is a GPR119 Agonist and Signals GLP-1 Release in Humans". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (9): E1409–E1417. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0647. PMID 21778222. edit
Lipids: glycerides
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Monoglyceride - Diglyceride - Triglyceride (Triformin, Triacetin, Triheptanoin, Trimyristin, Trilinolein, Triolein)
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English Journal
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Japanese Journal
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- NAID 40019875902
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- HIRAO Shotaro,TARA Kenji,KUWANO Kazuyoshi [他],TANAKA Junji,ISHIBASHI Fumito
- Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 76(2), 372-374, 2012-02-23
- Bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of the brown alga, <I>Ishige sinicola</I>, led to the isolation of five algicidal compounds. Their structures were determined to be α-mo …
- NAID 10030400197
Related Links
- What is a Monoglyceride? Monoglyceride can be found naturally in plant oil or it can be synthetically manufactured. Monoglyceride acts as an emulsifier in processed peanut butter to keep the oil from separating and rising to the ...
- MONOACYLGLYCEROLS These lipids (known also as monoglycerides) are fatty acid monoesters of glycerol and thus, due to the orientation of that molecule, two isomeric forms exist: R is a saturated or an unsaturated hydrocarbon ...
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