milking

ミルキング

WordNet

1. low three-legged stool with a half round seat; used to sit on while milking a cow
2. machine consisting of a suction apparatus for milking cows mechanically
3. breed evolved from shorthorn beef cattle

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/21 18:36:51」(JST)

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Hand milking

Reindeer milking (19th century)

For details about cattle milking, see Dairy.

Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of an animal, typically cows (cattle), water buffalo, goats, sheep and more rarely camels, horses and donkeys. Milking may be done by hand or by machine, and requires the animal to be currently or recently pregnant.

Hand milking

Hand milking is performed by massaging and pulling down on the teats of the udder, squirting the milk into a bucket. Two main methods are used:

• The top of the teat is pinched shut between finger and thumb, trapping milk in the lower part, which is then squeezed by the other fingers, squirting the milk out through the hole in the tip of the teat.
• The top of the teat is pinched shut by the fingers and thumb, which are then slid down the teat, pushing the milk towards the tip.

Machine milking

Small-scale machine milking

Most milking in the developed world is done using milking machines. The teat cups are attached to the cow's teats, then the cups alternate between vacuum and normal air pressure to extract the milk. The milk is filtered and cooled before being added to a large bulk tank of milk for storage.

Today there exists fully automatic milking machines which give a cow the freedom to choose when to be milked, allowing for a larger amount of milk to be obtained more efficiently.

Venom milking

Milking is also used by extension to describe the removal of venom from snakes and spiders, for the production of antivenom.

See also

• Breast pump
• Milking the system

External links

• (English) MilkAcademy (for more applicable information about milking equipment and dairy farming)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Cow hair allergen concentrations in dairy farms with automatic and conventional milking systems: From stable to bedroom.

• Böhlandt A1, Schierl R2, Heizinger J1, Dietrich-Gümperlein G1, Zahradnik E3, Bruckmaier L4, Sültz J5, Raulf M3, Nowak D1.
• International journal of hygiene and environmental health.Int J Hyg Environ Health.2016 Jan;219(1):79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.09.004. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
• Bovine hair and dander are considered to be a notable risk factor for sensitization and allergic symptoms in occupationally exposed cattle farmers due to various IgE binding proteins. Farmers are suspected not only to be exposed during their work inside the stables but also inside their homes as all
• PMID 26424445

• Anaerobic digestion and milking frequency as mitigation strategies of the environmental burden in the milk production system.

• Bacenetti J1, Bava L1, Zucali M2, Lovarelli D1, Sandrucci A1, Tamburini A1, Fiala M1.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Jan 1;539:450-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.015. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
• The aim of the study was to assess, through a cradle to farm gate Life Cycle Assessment, different mitigation strategies of the potential environmental impacts of milk production at farm level. The environmental performances of a conventional intensive dairy farm in Northern Italy (baseline scenario
• PMID 26383852

• Differential response to stocking rates and feeding by two genotypes of Holstein-Friesian cows in a pasture-based automatic milking system.

• Nieman CC1, Steensma KM1, Rowntree JE1, Beede DK1, Utsumi SA1.
• Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience.Animal.2015 Dec;9(12):2039-49. doi: 10.1017/S1751731115001901. Epub 2015 Sep 7.
• The throughput of automatic milking systems (AMS) is likely affected by differential traffic behavior and subsequent effects on the milking frequency and milk production of cows. This study investigated the effect of increasing stocking rate and partial mixed ration (PMR) on the milk production, dry
• PMID 26343791

Japanese Journal

• Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a dairy herd with high prevalence of persistently infected calves

• Helal Mahmoud Atef Youssef,Okamatsu Hiroyuki,Tajima Motoshi
• Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 60(2), 111-117, 2012-08
• … A dairy herd including approximately 50 milking cows and 40 heifers and calves was investigated. … Nine PI animals including a milking cow and 8 newborn calves were detected in the herd within 4 months. …
• NAID 120004689056

• モンゴル遊牧民の食料摂取における乳・乳製品と肉・内臓の相互補完性 : ドンドゴビ県のモンゴル遊牧民世帯Tの事例を通じて

• 平田 昌弘
• 文化人類学 77(1), 128-143, 2012-06-30
• … During the period of milking from the nomads' own livestock, the food intake was characterized by meat and/or innards, contributing to between one-third and one-half, while milk and/or milk products and wheat flour contributed to between one-tenth and one-fourth. …
• NAID 110009479496

Related Links

• Milking | Define Milking at Dictionary.com

this liquid as secreted by cows, goats, or certain other animals and used by humans for food or as a source of butter, cheeses, yogurt, etc. ... The milking unit is the portion of a milking machine for removing milk from an ...

• milking - definition of milking by The Free Dictionary

The first milking lesson was a droll one; but after several scares and many vain attempts, Rose at last managed to fill her cup, while Ben held Clover's tail so that it could not flap, and Dr.

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