関: methylotrophic

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/07 08:28:15」(JST)

wiki en

Methylotrophs are a diverse group of microorganisms that can use reduced one-carbon compounds, such as methanol or methane, as the carbon source for their growth; and multi-carbon compounds that contain no carbon bonds, such as dimethyl ether and dimethylamine. This group of microorganisms also includes those capable of assimilating reduced one-carbon compounds by way of carbon dioxide using the ribulose bisphosphate pathway.^[1] These organisms should not be confused with methanogens which on the contrary produce methane as a by-product from various one-carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide. Some methylotrophs can degrade the greenhouse gas methane, and in this case they are called methanotrophs. The methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus is used to degrade methane and other pollutants. The abundance, purity, and low price of methanol compared to commonly used sugars make methylotrophs competent organisms for production of amino acids, vitamins, recombinant proteins, single-cell proteins, co-enzymes and cytochromes.

General Microbiology

Methylotrophs are a diverse group, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive genera. None of them make resting structures like exospores or cysts and none of them have the complex intracellular membrane systems that characterize methanotrophs growing on methane

There are two sub groups: 1- obligate methylotrophs. 2- facultative methylotrophs.

Obligate methylotrophs

A single obligate methylotroph (methylophilus) is known. It is Gram-negative, polarly flagellated rod capable of rapid growth with methanol. Some strains can also utilize formaldehyde or methylamines. Carbon is assimilated via the ribulose mono phosphate pathway.

Facultative methylotrophs

It is relatively widely distributed trait among heterotrophic bacteria. It may also be common among chemoautotrophs: several thiobacilli and nitrifying bacteria can drive CO₂ assimilation via the Calvin-Benson cycle by formate oxidation.

Examples of methylotrophs

Genus Methanosarcina
Methylococcus capsulatus
Pichia pastoris

References

^ Anthony, C. "The Biochemistry of Methylotrophs". Academic press, 1982, p. 2-3

English Journal

Methylophaga lonarensis sp. nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic methylotroph isolated from the soda lake sediments of a meteorite impact crater.

Antony CP, Doronina NV, Boden R, Trotsenko YA, Shouche YS, Murrell JC.SourceMicrobial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India.
International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology.Int J Syst Evol Microbiol.2012 Jul;62(Pt 7):1613-8. Epub 2011 Sep 2.
A moderately haloalkaliphilic methylotrophic bacterium possessing the ribulose monophosphate pathway for carbon assimilation, designated MPL(T), was isolated from Lonar Lake sediment microcosms that were oxidizing methane for two weeks. The isolate utilized methanol and was an aerobic, Gram-negative
PMID 21890731

Purification and characterization of azurin from the methylamine-utilizing obligate methylotroph Methylobacillus flagellatus KT.

Dinarieva TY, Trashin SA, Kahnt J, Karyakin AA, Netrusov AI.SourceDepartment of Microbiology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Lenin's Hills, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation. dinarieva@mail.ru
Canadian journal of microbiology.Can J Microbiol.2012 Apr;58(4):516-22. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
Methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) and azurin were purified from the periplasmic fraction of the methylamine-grown obligate methylotroph Methylobacillus flagellatus KT. The molecular mass of the purified azurin was 16.3 kDa, as measured by SDS-PAGE, or 13 920 Da as determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectro
PMID 22455796

Japanese Journal

3P-268 Methylopila sp. Yamaguchi株のピロロキノリンキノン生合成遺伝子pqqEとpqqF欠損株の作製と性質(生合成,天然物化学,一般講演)

日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 67, 337, 2015-09-25
NAID 110010009683

2P-107 重希土類を特異的に要求する新規メチロトローフ細菌の探索(代謝工学,一般講演)

日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 67, 201, 2015-09-25
NAID 110010009194

1P-104 Methylobacterium extorquens AM1のメタノールデヒドロゲナーゼアイソザイムが植物共生に果たす役割(発酵生理学,発酵工学,一般講演)

日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集 67, 114, 2015-09-25
NAID 110010008884

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「メチロトローフ」
拡張検索	「Methylophilus methylotrophus」「facultative methylotroph」「obligate methylotroph」「methylotrophic」