WordNet

of or relating to the metatarsus; "metatarsal bones"
any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes

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中足骨の / 中足骨

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/24 20:25:19」(JST)

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The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order: second, third, fourth, fifth and first.^[1]

Structure

The five metatarsals are dorsally convex long bones consisting of a shaft or body, a base, and a head.^[2] The body is prismoid in form, tapers gradually from the tarsal to the phalangeal extremity, and is curved longitudinally, so as to be concave below, slightly convex above. The base or posterior extremity is wedge-shaped, articulating proximally with the tarsal bones, and by its sides with the contiguous metatarsal bones: its dorsal and plantar surfaces are rough for the attachment of ligaments. The head or anterior extremity presents a convex articular surface, oblong from above downward, and extending farther backward below than above. Its sides are flattened, and on each is a depression, surmounted by a tubercle, for ligamentous attachment. Its plantar surface is grooved antero-posteriorly for the passage of the flexor tendons, and marked on either side by an articular eminence continuous with the terminal articular surface.^[3]

Articulations

Bones of the right foot. Dorsal surface. Metatarsus shown in yellow. (latin terminology)

The base of each metatarsal bone articulates with one or more of the tarsal bones at the tarsometatarsal joints, and the head with one of the first row of phalanges at the metatarsophalangeal joints. Their bases also articulate with each other at the intermetatarsal joints

The first metatarsal articulates with the medial cuneiform, and to a small extent to the intermediate cuneiform.^[4]
the second with all three cuneiforms.^[4]
the third with the lateral cuneiform.^[4]
the fourth with the lateral cuneiform and the cuboid.^[4]
The fifth with the cuboid.^[4]

Muscle attachments

Muscle attachments (seen from above)

Muscle attachments (seen from below)

Muscle	Direction	Attachment^[5]
Tibialis anterior	Insertion	Basis of first metatarsal
Peroneous tertius	Insertion	Dorsal side basis of fifth metatarsal
Peroneous longus	Insertion	Tuberosity of first metatarsal
Peroneous brevis	Insertion	Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
Horizontal head of adductor hallucis	Origin	Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
Flexor digiti minimi brevis	Origin	Basis of fifth metatarsal
Plantar interossei	Origin	Medial side of third, fourth and fifth metatarsal
Dorsal interossei	Origin	First to fifth metatarsal

Clinical significance

Injuries

The metatarsal bones are often broken by association football players. These and other recent cases have been attributed to the lightweight design of modern football boots, which provide less protection to the foot. In 2010 some soccer players began testing a new sock that incorporated a rubber silicon pad over the foot to provide protection to the top of the foot.^[6]

Stress fractures are thought to account for 16% of injuries related to sports participation, and the metatarsals are the bones most often involved. These fractures are sometimes called march fractures, based on their traditional association with military recruits after long marches. The second and third metatarsals are fixed while walking, thus these metatarsals are common sites of injury. The fifth metatarsal may be fractured if the foot is oversupinated during locomotion.^[7]

Protection

Safety footwear is available with both removable and built-in metatarsal guards.

Safety footwear with removable metatarsal guard.

Additional images

Skeleton of left foot. Metatarsus shown in green.
Left metatarsus. Animation.
CT 3D human Foot Skin and Bone
X-ray of foot.
Skeleton of left foot. Medial aspect.
Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities.
Foot bones - tarsus, metatarsus
Foot bones - metatarsus and phalanges
Metatarsus
Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Knee, tibiofibular and ankle joints. Deep dissection. Anterolateral view.
Ankle and tarsometarsal joints, showing bones of foot. Deep dissection.

Notes

^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). p. 246. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Platzer 2004, p 220
^ Gray's 1918, 6d. 2. The Metatarsus
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Platzer 2004, p 218
^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Bill, Mills (11 December 2010). "Sock boffs may have cured metatarsal woes for Rooney and Co.". www.mirrorfootball.co.uk. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
^ Perron, Andrew D. (2005-11-23). "Metatarsal Stress Fracture". Retrieved 2007-09-13.

References

Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
Gray, Henry (1918). "6d. 2. The Metatarsus". Anatomy of the Human Body. Bartleby.com.

External links

Anatomy figure: 16:01-05 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 中足骨骨幹部骨折 metatarsal shaft fractures
2. 第五中足骨基部骨折 proximal fifth metatarsal fractures
3. 中足骨骨幹部のストレス骨折 stress fractures of the metatarsal shaft
4. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける足部痛の臨床的特徴およびマネージメント clinical features and management of foot pain in the child or adolescent athlete
5. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける足部および足関節の疼痛評価 evaluation of foot and ankle pain in the child or adolescent athlete

English Journal

Postcranial morphology and the locomotor habits of living and extinct carnivorans.

Samuels JX, Meachen JA, Sakai SA.SourceJohn Day Fossil Beds National Monument, Kimberly, Oregon 97848. Joshua_Samuels@nps.gov.
Journal of morphology.J Morphol.2013 Feb;274(2):121-46. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20077. Epub 2012 Sep 13.
Members of the order Carnivora display a broad range of locomotor habits, including cursorial, scansorial, arboreal, semiaquatic, aquatic, and semifossorial species from multiple families. Ecomorphological analyses from osteological measurements have been used successfully in prior studies of carniv
PMID 22972188

Reconstruction of metatarsal bone defects with a free fibular osteomyocutaneous flap incorporating soleus muscle.

Yamashita Y, Hashimoto I, Goishi K, Fukunaga Y, Abe Y, Nakanishi H.SourceDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS.J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2013 Feb;66(2):277-80. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2012.07.029. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
Severe traumatic bone and soft-tissue defects are often treated by lower leg amputation. The amputation level becomes a very important factor with respect to the patient's basic daily activities. We report the case of a 51-year-old man who was referred to us with severe traumatic metatarsal bone and
PMID 22917696

Japanese Journal

A cross-sectional study of age-related changes in plantar pressure distribution between 4 and 7 years: A comparison of regional and pixel-level analyses

Phethean Jill,Pataky Todd C,Nester Christopher J,Findlow Andrew H
GAIT & POSTURE 39(1), 154-160, 2014-01
… However, results from the present pixel-level technique suggest that these changes are limited to the central metatarsals, and that regional methods can suggest significance where none exists in the actual raw (pixel-level) data, due to signal aliasing and, in particular, to conflation of regional boundaries. …
NAID 120005458453

Short-term step-to-step correlation in plantar pressure distributions during treadmill walking, and implications for footprint trail analysis

Pataky Todd C,Savage Russell,Bates Karl T,Sellers William I,Crompton Robin H
GAIT & POSTURE 38(4), 1054-1057, 2013-09
… Following spatial foot alignment, data were analyzed both from three points of interest (POI): heel, central metatarsals, and hallux, and for the foot surface as a whole, in a mass-univariate manner. …
NAID 120005458452

Hind limb of the Nacholapithecus kerioi holotype and implications for its positional behavior

NAKATSUKASA Masato,KUNIMATSU Yutaka,SHIMIZU Daisuke [他],NAKANO Yoshihiko,KIKUCHI Yasuhiro,ISHIDA Hidemi
Anthropological science : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon 120(3), 235-250, 2012-12-01
… The (non-hallucal) metatarsals appear relatively gracile due to the elongation. … The proximal joints of these metatarsals are, nonetheless, large. …
NAID 10031145907

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「中足骨」
関連記事	「metatarsal」

「中足骨」

Metatarsal
	Skeleton of foot. Superior view. Metatarsus shown in green.
	Skeleton of left foot. Lateral aspect. Metatarsus shown in purple.
Details
Latin	metatarsus; ossa metatarsalia
Identifiers
Gray's	p.272
MeSH	A01.378.610.250.300.480
TA	A02.5.17.001; A01.1.00.043
FMA	24492
	Anatomical terms of bone

　　[★]

英: metatarsals, metatarsal bones, metatarsus
ラ: ossa metatarsalia
関: 足根骨

「metatarsal」

　　[★]

中足骨、中足骨の

関: metatarsal bone、os metatarsale

[Bojsen246-1] Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). p. 246. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[Platzer-220-2] Platzer 2004, p 220

[Grays-6d.2.-3] Gray's 1918, 6d. 2. The Metatarsus

[Platzer-218-4] Platzer 2004, p 218

[Bojsen-5] Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[6] Bill, Mills (11 December 2010). "Sock boffs may have cured metatarsal woes for Rooney and Co.". www.mirrorfootball.co.uk. Retrieved 12 December 2010.

[7] Perron, Andrew D. (2005-11-23). "Metatarsal Stress Fracture". Retrieved 2007-09-13.

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metatarsals