中足骨、中足骨の

関: metatarsal bone、os metatarsale

WordNet

of or relating to the metatarsus; "metatarsal bones"
any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes

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中足骨の / 中足骨

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/24 07:56:47」(JST)

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For the bone in birds, see tarsometatarsus.

The metatarsus or metatarsal bones are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The metatarsals are analogous to the metacarpal bones of the hand. The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order: second, third, fourth, fifth and first.^[1]

Structure[edit]

The five metatarsals are dorsally convex long bones consisting of a shaft or body, a base, and a head.^[2] The body is prismoid in form, tapers gradually from the tarsal to the phalangeal extremity, and is curved longitudinally, so as to be concave below, slightly convex above. The base or posterior extremity is wedge-shaped, articulating proximally with the tarsal bones, and by its sides with the contiguous metatarsal bones: its dorsal and plantar surfaces are rough for the attachment of ligaments. The head or anterior extremity presents a convex articular surface, oblong from above downward, and extending farther backward below than above. Its sides are flattened, and on each is a depression, surmounted by a tubercle, for ligamentous attachment. Its plantar surface is grooved antero-posteriorly for the passage of the flexor tendons, and marked on either side by an articular eminence continuous with the terminal articular surface.^[3]

Articulations[edit]

Bones of the right foot. Dorsal surface. Metatarsus shown in yellow. (latin terminology)

The base of each metatarsal bone articulates with one or more of the tarsal bones at the tarsometatarsal joints, and the head with one of the first row of phalanges at the metatarsophalangeal joints. Their bases also articulate with each other at the intermetatarsal joints

The first metatarsal articulates with the medial cuneiform, and to a small extent to the intermediate cuneiform.^[4]
the second with all three cuneiforms.^[4]
the third with the lateral cuneiform.^[4]
the fourth with the lateral cuneiform and the cuboid.^[4]
The fifth with the cuboid.^[4]

Muscle attachments[edit]

Muscle attachments (seen from above)

Muscle attachments (seen from below)

Muscle	Direction	Attachment^[5]
Tibialis anterior	Insertion	Basis of first metatarsal
Peroneous tertius	Insertion	Dorsal side basis of fifth metatarsal
Peroneous longus	Insertion	Tuberosity of first metatarsal
Peroneous brevis	Insertion	Tuberosity of fifth metatarsal
Horizontal head of adductor hallucis	Origin	Deep transverse metatarsal ligament
Flexor digiti minimi brevis	Origin	Basis of fifth metatarsal
Plantar interossei	Origin	Medial side of third, fourth and fifth metatarsal
Dorsal interossei	Origin	First to fifth metatarsal

Clinical significance[edit]

Injuries[edit]

The metatarsal bones are often broken by association football players. These and other recent cases have been attributed to the lightweight design of modern football boots, which provide less protection to the foot. In 2010 some soccer players began testing a new sock that incorporated a rubber silicon pad over the foot to provide protection to the top of the foot.^[6]

The metatarsal bone injury came to public attention when Deportivo La Coruña midfielder Aldo Duscher made a strong tackle on David Beckham that broke Beckham's second metatarsal bone and put his participation in the 2002 World Cup at risk. Wayne Rooney, Steven Gerrard, Roy Keane, Xabi Alonso and Michael Owen and many others have experienced similar injuries.^[7]

Stress fractures are thought to account for 16% of injuries related to sports participation, and the metatarsals are the bones most often involved. These fractures are sometimes called march fractures, based on their traditional association with military recruits after long marches. The second and third metatarsals are fixed while walking, thus these metatarsals are common sites of injury. The fifth metatarsal may be fractured if the foot is oversupinated during locomotion.^[8]

Protection[edit]

Safety footwear is available with both removable and built-in metatarsal guards.

Safety footwear with removable metatarsal guard.

Additional images[edit]

Skeleton of left foot. Metatarsus shown in green.
Left metatarsus. Animation.
CT 3D human Foot Skin and Bone
X-ray of foot.
Skeleton of left foot. Medial aspect.
Oblique section of left intertarsal and tarsometatarsal articulations, showing the synovial cavities.
Foot bones - tarsus, metatarsus
Foot bones - metatarsus and phalanges
Metatarsus
Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Lateral view
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Knee, tibiofibular and ankle joints. Deep dissection. Anterolateral view.
Ankle and tarsometarsal joints, showing bones of foot. Deep dissection.

Notes[edit]

^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). p. 246. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Platzer 2004, p 220
^ Gray's 1918, 6d. 2. The Metatarsus
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Platzer 2004, p 218
^ Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ Bill, Mills (11 December 2010). "Sock boffs may have cured metatarsal woes for Rooney and Co.". www.mirrorfootball.co.uk. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
^ The Metatarsal, Soccerlens, 2008-07-28. Retrieved: 2010-07-02.
^ Perron, Andrew D. (2005-11-23). "Metatarsal Stress Fracture". Retrieved 2007-09-13.

References[edit]

Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
Gray, Henry (1918). "6d. 2. The Metatarsus". Anatomy of the Human Body. Bartleby.com.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Metatarsus.

SUNY Figs 16:01-05

UpToDate Contents

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1. 中足骨骨幹部骨折 metatarsal shaft fractures
2. 小児における中足骨および足趾骨折 metatarsal and toe fractures in children
3. 第五中足骨基部骨折 proximal fifth metatarsal fractures
4. 中足骨骨幹部のストレス骨折 stress fractures of the metatarsal shaft
5. 小児における足骨折（中足骨または指節骨を除く） foot fractures other than metatarsal or phalangeal in children

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Okubo M1, Fujita A, Saito Y, Komaki H, Ishiyama A, Takeshita E, Kojima E, Koichihara R, Saito T, Nakagawa E, Sugai K, Yamazaki H, Kusaka K, Tanaka H, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Sasaki M.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2015 May;167(5):1100-1106. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36881. Epub 2015 Feb 25.
Distal arthrogryposis (DA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders with multiple congenital contractures predominant in the distal extremities. A total of 10 subtypes are proposed based on the pattern of contractures and association with extraarticular symptoms. DA5 is defined as a
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How do different anterior tibial tendon transfer techniques influence forefoot and hindfoot motion?

Knutsen AR1, Avoian T, Sangiorgio SN, Borkowski SL, Ebramzadeh E, Zionts LE.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2015 May;473(5):1737-43. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-4057-0. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
BACKGROUND: Idiopathic clubfoot correction is commonly performed using the Ponseti method and is widely reported to provide reliable results. However, a relapsed deformity may occur and often is treated in children older than 2.5 years with repeat casting, followed by an anterior tibial tendon trans
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Incidence and risk factors of allograft bone failure after calcaneal lengthening.

Lee IH1, Chung CY, Lee KM, Kwon SS, Moon SY, Jung KJ, Chung MK, Park MS.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2015 May;473(5):1765-74. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-4052-5. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
BACKGROUND: Calcaneal lengthening with allograft is frequently used for the treatment of patients with symptomatic planovalgus deformity; however, the behavior of allograft bone after calcaneal lengthening and the risk factors for graft failure are not well documented.QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) What pr
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First Metatarsal Proximal Opening Wedge Osteotomy for Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity: Comparison of Straight versus Oblique Osteotomy.

Han SH1, Park EH2, Jo J3, Koh YG3, Lee JW1, Choi WJ1, Kim YS4.
Yonsei medical journal.Yonsei Med J.2015 May 1;56(3):744-52. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.3.744.
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of proximal opening wedge osteotomy using a straight versus oblique osteotomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 104 consecutive first metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomies performed in 95 patien
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拡張検索	「os metatarsale」「metatarsal bone」

「os metatarsale」

Metatarsal
	; Skeleton of foot. Superior view. Metatarsus shown in green.
	; Skeleton of left foot. Lateral aspect. Metatarsus shown in purple.
Latin	metatarsus; ossa metatarsalia
Gray's	p.272
MeSH	Metatarsus
TA	A02.5.17.001
FMA	FMA:24492
	Anatomical terms of bone

　　[★]

中足骨

関: metatarsal、metatarsal bone

「metatarsal bone」

　　[★]

中足骨

関: metatarsal、os metatarsale

[Bojsen246-1] Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). p. 246. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[Platzer-220-2] Platzer 2004, p 220

[Grays-6d.2.-3] Gray's 1918, 6d. 2. The Metatarsus

[Platzer-218-4] Platzer 2004, p 218

[Bojsen-5] Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi [Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367. ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[6] Bill, Mills (11 December 2010). "Sock boffs may have cured metatarsal woes for Rooney and Co.". www.mirrorfootball.co.uk. Retrieved 12 December 2010.

[7] The Metatarsal, Soccerlens, 2008-07-28. Retrieved: 2010-07-02.

[8] Perron, Andrew D. (2005-11-23). "Metatarsal Stress Fracture". Retrieved 2007-09-13.

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