For other uses, see Marketplace (disambiguation).
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Farmers' market in Lhasa, Tibet
The Old Market building in Bratislava, Slovakia
A market, or marketplace, is regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. A place where buying and selling occurs.[1] In different parts of the world they may be referred to as a souk (from the Arabic), bazaar (from the Persian), a fixed mercado (Spanish) or itinerant tianguis (Mexico), or palengke (Philippines).
Contents
- 1 Types of markets
- 2 Around the world
- 2.1 Africa
- 2.2 South and East Asia
- 2.2.1 Cambodia
- 2.2.2 Hong Kong
- 2.2.3 India
- 2.2.4 Malaysia
- 2.2.5 Philippines
- 2.2.6 South Korea
- 2.2.7 Thailand
- 2.3 Australia
- 2.4 Europe
- 2.4.1 Greece
- 2.4.2 Spain
- 2.4.3 United Kingdom
- 2.4.3.1 Britain's market traders
- 2.4.3.2 Licensing
- 2.4.3.3 England's chartered markets and fairs
- 2.4.3.4 London
- 2.5 Latin America
- 2.5.1 Brazil
- 2.5.2 Chile
- 2.5.3 Mexico
- 2.5.4 Puerto Rico
- 2.5.5 Uruguay
- 2.6 Middle East
- 2.6.1 Pakistan
- 2.6.2 Turkey
- 2.7 United States and Canada
- 2.7.1 Canada
- 2.7.2 Public markets in the United States
- 2.7.3 List of public markets in the United States
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Types of markets
Markets may be retail or wholesale markets.
Major physical formats of markets are:
- Indoor market of any sort
- Marketplace, an open space where a market is or was formerly held in a town[2]
- Market square, in Europe, with stalls selling goods in a public square
- Public market, in the United States, an indoor, fixed market in a building and selling a variety of goods
- Street market, with stalls along one or more public streets
- Floating markets, where goods are sold from boats, chiefly found in Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam
- Night markets, popular in many countries in Asia, opening at night and featuring much street food and a more leisurely shopping experience. In Malaysia they are known as pasar malam.
- Wet markets, in Greater China, where traditionally live animals were sold; in Malaysia, pasar pagi is a type of wet market
Markets may feature a range of merchandise for sale, or they may be one of many specialist markets, such as:
- Animal markets
- Antique markets
- Farmers' markets, focusing on fresh food
- Fish markets
- Flea markets or swap meets, a type of bazaar that rents space to people who want to sell or barter merchandise. Used goods, low quality items, and high quality items at low prices are commonplace
- Flower markets, such as the Mercado Jamaica in Mexico City and the Bloemenmarkt in Amsterdam
- Food halls, featuring gourmet food to consume on- and off-premises,[3] such as those at Harrods (London) and Galeries Lafayette (Paris) department stores. In the United States, these may be also referred to simply as "markets", such as the West Side Market in Cleveland or Ponce City Market in Atlanta.[3]
- Handicraft markets
- Markets selling items used in the occult (for magic, by witches, etc.)
Markets existed in ancient times — in ancient Greece, the agora, and in ancient Rome, the forum. The Grand Bazaar in Istanbul is often cited as the world's oldest still-operating market; its construction began in 1455. In the 15th century the Mexica (Aztec) market of Tlatelolco was the largest in all the Americas.[4]
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Tianguis: Model of Aztec tianguis (marketplace) at Mexico City's National Museum of Anthropology
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Bazaar: Grand Bazaar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Marketplace: Main Market Square, Kraków, Poland: Europe's largest medieval town square
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Floating market: Damnoen Saduak Floating Market in Ratchaburi, Thailand, is a famous tourist attraction.
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Night market: Shilin Night Market, Taiwan
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Around the world
Street markets such as this one in Rue Mouffetard, Paris are common in France. Resellers and farmers sell fruit, vegetables, meat, fish, and other produce.
La Boqueria market in Barcelona, Catalonia, currently Spain
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Africa
Ghana
Main article: Markets in Ghana
South and East Asia
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Main article: Markets in Phnom Penh
Hong Kong
- See: markets in Hong Kong
Street markets in Hong Kong are held all the days except few traditional Chinese holidays like Chinese New Year. Stalls opened at two sides of a street were required to have licenses issued by the Hong Kong Government. In Hong Kong there are street markets of various kinds such as fresh foods, clothing, cooked foods, flowers, and even electronics. The earliest form of markets is known as Gaa si. Some of them are gradually being replaced by shopping centres, markets in municipal service buildings, and supermarkets, while some became tourist attractions like Tung Choi Street and Apliu Street.
India
Delhi
Main article: Markets in Delhi
Malaysia
Main articles: pasar malam and pasar pagi
Philippines
Palengke in the Philippines
Main article: Palengke
South Korea
Main article: List of markets in South Korea
Thailand
Bangkok
Main article: Markets in Bangkok
Australia
Sydney
Main article: Markets in Sydney
Europe
Greece
Main article: Laiki agora
Street markets in Greece are called laikes agores (λαϊκές αγορές) in plural, or λαϊκή αγορά (laiki agora) in singular, meaning "people's market". They are very common all over Greece, including the capital, Athens, and its suburbs. Regular (weekly) morning markets sell mostly fresh produce from farming cooperatives - fruit, vegetables, fish and flowers/plants. Some household items and prepared foods are often available.
Annual street markets (panigyri(a)) occur around churches on the day of their patron saint. These take place in the evenings and have a more festive character, often involving attractions and food stalls. The goods sold range from clothing and accessories to household items, furniture, toys and trinkets. Athens also has several bazaars/enclosed markets.
Spain
- La Boqueria, Barcelona
- Mercat or Mercado Central, a public market in Valencia
United Kingdom
Britain's market traders
As the first real form of retailing, not a great deal has actually changed. Many people have tried their hand at Market trading and some have made vast fortunes, Marks and Spencers, Tesco, New Look all started from a barrow or stall. The life is tough and the hours can be very long but there are certain families who have been involved with the industry,for many generations and usually linked to the same trade or line. a
Licensing
Traders can be licensed to trade on a single pitch but not at a national level or when trading on private land. This has led to declining confidence in the reputation of markets. A voluntary scheme has been set up by The Market People, backed by the National Association of British Market Authorities (NABMA) to address this. It provides consumers with traceability of traders and goods as well as the ability to rate and contact the traders. A MarketPASS is issued to an operator or Trader once they have provided proof of identity, insurance and, where required, a hygiene certificate.
England's chartered markets and fairs
Many of the older historic markets carry a "charter" which gives that particular market certain rights and protection. For example, another market can't be held on the same day within a certain distance of a "chartered market". These were awarded by kings to markets and fairs all over England, and to this day are guarded by market traders and showmen.
London
- See: markets in London
Some examples of street markets include Berwick Street Market, Broadway Market, Camden Market, East Street Market, Petticoat Lane and Portobello Road Market. The most popular for food is Borough Market which sell most fresh produce as well as having a bakery.
Latin America
Brazil
Mercado Municipal in São Paulo, Brazil
- Mercado Municipal - São Paulo, São Paulo
- Liberdade street market - São Paulo, São Paulo
- Mercado Público - Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul
- Mercado Municipal - Uberlândia, Minas Gerais
- Mercado Modelo - Salvador, Bahia
Chile
- Mercado Central de Santiago, the central market of Santiago de Chile
Mexico
Grocery stalls in San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara, Mexico
Main articles: Traditional fixed markets in Mexico, Tianguis, Ambulantes and Street vendors in Mexico City
- Mercado Jamaica, Mexico City, a traditional market in Mexico City
- Mercado de Sonora, a traditional market in Mexico City
- San Juan de Dios Market in Guadalajara
Puerto Rico
- Mercado de las Carnes, a former meat market in Ponce, Puerto Rico
Uruguay
- Mercado Modelo, a central fruit and vegetable wholesale market in Montevideo
Middle East
Pakistan
In Pakistan (and also Bangladesh and India), a Landa bazaar is a type of a bazaar or a marketplace with lowest prices where only secondhand general goods are exchanged or sold.
Lahore
Main article: Markets in Lahore
Turkey
Street markets are called pazar in Turkish and usually named after the name of the day since they are only installed at around 05:00 on that specific day and ended on same day around 18:00, in every week. Every district in Turkey has its own open market where people can choose and buy from a very wide range of products, from fresh fruits and vegetables to clothing, from traditional white cheese (which some people may consider feta-like) to household items. In Istanbul area Wednesday Pazar of Fatih district, Tuesday Pazar of Kadıköy and Friday Pazar of Ortaköy are the most famous and crowded open markets of the city.
A market with shops or permanent stalls is called "çarşı" and may include covered streets that are closed at night. Famous examples include the Kapalıçarşı (Grand Bazaar) and Spice Bazaar in Istanbul.
United States and Canada
Canada
Public market at place Jacques-Cartier in Montreal, Quebec in 1940
- ByWard Market - Ottawa, Ontario
- The Forks Market - Winnipeg, Manitoba
- Granville Island - Vancouver, British Columbia
- Kensington Market - Toronto, Ontario
- Lonsdale Quay - North Vancouver, British Columbia
- St. Lawrence Market - Toronto, Ontario
- Westminster Quay - New Westminster, British Columbia
Pike Place Market in Seattle, Washington, looking west on Pike Street from First Avenue
Corridor of fruit and vegetable sellers at the West Side Market in Cleveland, Ohio
Postcard showing city market in Grand Rapids, Michigan, about 1910.
Public markets in the United States
In the United States, the term public market is often used for a place where vendors or merchants meet at the same location on a regular basis. A public market has a sponsoring entity that has legal and financial responsibility to oversee operations and, sometimes, provides facilities to house the market activity. Public markets may incorporate the traditional market activity – the sale of fresh food from open stalls – and may also offer a wide range of different products. Public markets may incorporate elements of specialized markets such as farmers markets, craft markets, and antique markets. Traditionally public markets in the US were owned and operated by city governments, but this is no longer the case.[5]
According to the Ford Foundation, what distinguishes public markets from other types of related retail activity are three characteristics. Public markets:[5]
- have public goals, a defined civic purpose. Typically, these goals include: attracting shoppers to a central business district, providing affordable retailing opportunities to small businesses, preserving farming in the region, and activating or repurposing public space
- are located in and/or create a public space in the community, where a wide range of people mix, and are, or aim to be, a heart of the community
- are made up of locally owned, independent businesses operated by their owners, not franchises. This gives public markets a local flavor and unique experience.
List of public markets in the United States
- Alemany Farmers' Market[6] - San Francisco, California
- Broad Street Market - Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
- Brooklyn Flea - Brooklyn, New York
- Chattanooga Market (2001–) - Chattanooga, Tennessee
- City Market (Charleston, South Carolina)
- City Market (Petersburg, Virginia) - Petersburg, Virginia. Built in 1878–79 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places
- Crescent City Farmers Market - New Orleans, Louisiana
- Cross Street Market - Baltimore, Maryland
- Dallas Farmers Market - Dallas, Texas
- Eastern Market - Detroit, Michigan
- Eastern Market - Washington, D.C.
- Ferry Plaza Farmers Market & Ferry Building Marketplace - San Francisco, California
- Findlay Market - Cincinnati, Ohio
- French Market - New Orleans, Louisiana
- Grand Central Market - Los Angeles, California
- Grand Central Market - New York, New York
- Haymarket Square - Boston, Massachusetts
- Hollins Market - Baltimore, Maryland
- Italian Market, Philadelphia - Philadelphia, PA
- La Marqueta - New York, New York
- Lancaster Central Market - Lancaster, Pennsylvania
- Lexington Market (1872–present) - Baltimore, Maryland
- Los Angeles Farmers Market - Los Angeles, California
- Maxwell Street Market - Chicago, Illinois
- Midtown Global Market - Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Milwaukee Public Market (2005–) - Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- North Market - Columbus, Ohio
- Olvera Street - Los Angeles, California
- Pike Place Market (1907–present) - Seattle, Washington
- Ponce City Market - Atlanta, Georgia
- Portland Public Market (1933–1942) - Portland, Oregon
- Portland Saturday Market (1974–) - Portland, Oregon
- Reading Terminal Market (1893–) - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- PNC Second Street Market - Dayton, Ohio
- Soulard Market - St. Louis, Missouri
- Sweet Auburn Curb Market (1918–) - Atlanta, Georgia
- Union Market - Washington, D.C.
- Union Square Greenmarket - New York, New York
- West Side Market - Cleveland, Ohio
See also
References
- ^ "Oxford Dictionary". Oxford Dictionaries.
- ^ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/marketplace
- ^ a b "The 5 Best Food Halls in America", Bon Appétit magazine
- ^ Rebecca M. Seaman (ed.). Conflict in the Early Americas: An Encyclopedia of the Spanish Empire's ... p. 375.
- ^ a b "Public Markets as a Vehicle for Social Integration and Upward Mobility" (PDF). Ford Foundation. 2003.
- ^ City and County of San Francisco : Alemany Farmers' Market
External links
- Project for Public Spaces page on public markets
- National Farmers Market Association
