関: manganese chloride tetrahydrate

WordNet

a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals (同)Mn, atomic number 25
any compound containing a chlorine atom
any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)

PrepTutorEJDIC

マンガン(金属元素;化学記号は『Mn』)
塩化物

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/21 03:58:12」(JST)

wiki en

Manganese(II) chloride describes a series of compounds with the formula MnCl₂(H₂O)_x, where the value of x can be 0, 2, or 4. The tetrahydrate is the most common form of "manganese(II) chloride". MnCl₂·4H₂O, but the anhydrous form and dihydrate MnCl₂·2H₂O are also known. Like many Mn(II) species, these salts are pink, the paleness of the color being characteristic of transition metal complexes with high spin d⁵ configurations.^[1]

Preparation

Manganese chloride is produced by treating manganese(IV) oxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

MnO₂ + 4 HCl → MnCl₂ + 2 H₂O + Cl₂

This reaction was once used for the manufacture of chlorine. By carefully neutralizing the resulting solution with MnCO₃, one can selectively precipitate iron salts, which are common impurities in manganese dioxide.^[2]

In the laboratory, manganese chloride can be prepared by treating manganese metal or manganese(II) carbonate and hydrochloric acid:

Mn + 2 HCl → MnCl₂ + H₂

MnCO₃ + 2 HCl → MnCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂

Chemical properties

Anhydrous MnCl₂ is a polymeric solid, which adopts a layered cadmium chloride-like structure. The tetrahydrate consists of octahedral trans-Mn(H₂O)₄Cl₂ molecules^[3] The hydrates dissolve in water to give mildly acidic solutions with a pH of around 4.

It is a weak Lewis acid, reacting with chloride ions to produce a series of solids containing the following ions [MnCl₃]⁻, [MnCl₄]²⁻, and [MnCl₆]⁴⁻. Both [MnCl₃]⁻ and [MnCl₄]²⁻ are polymeric.

Upon treatment with typical organic ligands, manganese(II) undergoes oxidation by air to give Mn(III) complexes. Examples include [Mn(EDTA)]⁻, [Mn(CN)₆]³⁻, and [Mn(acetylacetonate)₃]. Triphenylphosphine forms a labile 2:1 adduct:

MnCl₂ + 2 Ph₃P → [MnCl₂(Ph₃P)₂]

Anhydrous manganese(II) chloride serves as a starting point for the synthesis of a variety of manganese compounds. For example, manganocene is prepared by reaction of MnCl₂ with a solution of sodium cyclopentadienide in THF.

MnCl₂ + 2 NaC₅H₅ → Mn(C₅H₅)₂ + 2 NaCl

Applications

The main application is used in the production of dry cell batteries. It is the precursor to the antiknock compound methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl.^[2]

Vesicle characterization with ³¹P-NMR

MnCl₂ is used in ³¹P-NMR to determine the size and lamellarity of phospholipid vesicles.^[4] When manganese chloride is added to a vesicular solution, Mn²⁺ paramagnetic ions are released, perturbing the relaxation time of the phospholipids' phosphate groups and broadening the resulting ³¹P resonance signal. Only phospholipids located in the outermost monolayer exposed to Mn²⁺ experience this broadening. The effect is negligle for multilamellar vesicles, but for large unilamellar vesicles, a ~50% reduction in signal intensity is observed.^[5]

Precautions

Manganism, or manganese poisoning, can be caused by long-term exposure to manganese dust or fumes.

References

^ N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.
^ ^a ^b Reidies, Arno H. (2002), "Manganese Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_123, ISBN 3-527-30385-5 .
'^ A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.
^ Frohlich, Margret; Brecht, Volker; Peschka-Suss, Regine (January 2001), "Parameters inﬂuencing the determination of liposome lamellarity by ^31P-NMR", Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 109 (1): 103–112, doi:10.1016/S0009-3084(00)00220-6, PMID 11163348
^ Hope, M; Bally, M; Webb, G; Cullis, P (received = April 10, 1984), "Production of large unilamellar vesicles by a rapid extrusion procedure. Characterization of size distribution, trapped volume and ability to maintain a membrane potential", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 812: 55–65, doi:10.1016/0005-2736(85)90521-8

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Manganese(II) chloride

National Pollutant Inventory: Manganese and compounds Fact Sheet

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 食物中の微量ミネラルの概要 overview of dietary trace minerals
2. 労働衛生および環境衛生の概要 overview of occupational and environmental health
3. 成人における肝性脳症：臨床症状および診断 hepatic encephalopathy in adults clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. パーキンソン病の診断 diagnosis of parkinson disease
5. パーキンソン病の病因および発症機序 etiology and pathogenesis of parkinson disease

English Journal

Prepubertal exposure to elevated manganese results in estradiol regulated mammary gland ductal differentiation and hyperplasia in female rats.

Dearth RK1, Hiney JK2, Srivastava VK2, Hamilton AM3, Dees WL2.
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.).Exp Biol Med (Maywood).2014 May 20. pii: 1535370214531865. [Epub ahead of print]
Evidence suggests that environmental substances regulating estrogenic pathways during puberty may be detrimental to the developing mammary gland (MG). Manganese (Mn) is a trace mineral required for normal physiological processes. Prepubertal exposure to Mn induces precocious puberty in rats, an even
PMID 24845367

Commentary to Krishna et al. (2014): brain deposition and neurotoxicity of manganese in adult mice exposed via the drinking water.

Kumasaka MY1, Yajima I, Ohgami N, Naito H, Omata Y, Kato M.
Archives of toxicology.Arch Toxicol.2014 May;88(5):1185-6. doi: 10.1007/s00204-014-1221-y. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
Krishna et al. (Arch Toxicol 88(1):47-64, 2014) recently published the results of a study in which adult C57BL/6 mice were subchronically exposed to 400,000 μg/L manganese (Mn) using manganese chloride via drinking water for 8 weeks and examined the neurotoxic effects. After 5 weeks of Mn exposu
PMID 24614979

Selective visualization of rabbit knee cartilage using MR imaging with a double-contrast agent.

Kido M1, Ikoma K, Hara Y, Matsuda K, Kawata M, Umeda M, Kubo T.
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.J Magn Reson Imaging.2014 May;39(5):1186-90. doi: 10.1002/jmri.24282. Epub 2013 Sep 30.
PURPOSE: To establish a reliable method and efficient contrast agent for selective MR imaging of articular cartilage to improve the diagnosis of cartilage disorders.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A standard trace element replenisher (Mineric), which includes manganese chloride, cupric sulfate (both positive
PMID 24123630

Japanese Journal

Extraction and Purification of Copper from a Nigerian Chalcopyrite Ore Leach Liquor by Dithizone in Kerosene

Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan 22(2), 135-146, 2015
NAID 130005071519

埼玉県狭山市に在住する85歳以上の健常者のエネルギー・各栄養素の摂取量及び食品群別摂取量の調査

日本家政学会誌 66(1), 25-30, 2015
NAID 130004774154

16-7 An assessment of Ruwan Zafi−Numan for exploitation as a source of dietary water in Nigeria

日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌 77(5), 544-544, 2014
NAID 130004719534

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「塩化マンガン」
拡張検索	「manganese chloride tetrahydrate」
関連記事	「chloride」

「塩化マンガン」

Manganese(II) chloride
	; Anhydrous
	; Tetrahydrate
	IUPAC name Manganese(II) chloride; Manganese dichloride
	Other names Manganous chloride
Identifiers
CAS number	7773-01-5 , 38639-72-4 (dihydrate), 13446-34-9 (tetrahydrate)
PubChem	24480
ChemSpider	22888
UNII	6YB4901Y90
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1200693
RTECS number	OO9625000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES Cl[Mn]Cl ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2ClH.Mn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 ; Key: GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ;
Properties
Molecular formula	MnCl2
Molar mass	125.844 g/mol (anhydrous); 161.874 g/mol (dihydrate); 197.91 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance	pink solid (tetrahydrate)
Density	2.977 g/cm3 (anhydrous); 2.27 g/cm3 (dihydrate); 2.01 g/cm3 (tetrahydrate)
Melting point	654 °C (anhydrous); dihydrate dehydrates at 135 °C; tetrahydrate dehydrates at 58 °C
Boiling point	1225 °C
Solubility in water	63.4 g/100 ml (0 °C); 73.9 g/100 ml (20 °C); 88.5 g/100 ml (40 °C); 123.8 g/100 ml (100 °C)
Solubility	soluble in pyridine, ethanol; insoluble in ether
Structure
Crystal structure	CdCl2
Coordination; geometry	octahedral
Hazards
EU Index	Not listed
NFPA 704	0 1 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
LD50	250-275 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Other anions	Manganese(II) fluoride; Manganese(II) bromide; Manganese(II) iodide
Other cations	Manganese(III) chloride; Technetium(IV) chloride; Rhenium(III) chloride; Rhenium(IV) chloride; Rhenium(V) chloride; Rhenium(VI) chloride
Related compounds	Chromium(II) chloride; Iron(II) chloride
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: manganese chloride、manganese chloride tetrahydrate
関: 塩化マンガン四水和物

「manganese chloride tetrahydrate」

　　[★]

塩化マンガン四水和物

関: manganese chloride

「chloride」

　　[★] 塩素イオン　　　

[1] N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 1997.

[Ullmann-2] Reidies, Arno H. (2002), "Manganese Compounds", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_123, ISBN 3-527-30385-5 .

[3] '^ A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1984.

[4] Frohlich, Margret; Brecht, Volker; Peschka-Suss, Regine (January 2001), "Parameters inﬂuencing the determination of liposome lamellarity by ^31P-NMR", Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 109 (1): 103–112, doi:10.1016/S0009-3084(00)00220-6, PMID 11163348

[5] Hope, M; Bally, M; Webb, G; Cullis, P (received = April 10, 1984), "Production of large unilamellar vesicles by a rapid extrusion procedure. Characterization of size distribution, trapped volume and ability to maintain a membrane potential", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 812: 55–65, doi:10.1016/0005-2736(85)90521-8

匿名

検索

案内

案内

manganese chloride

WordNet

PrepTutorEJDIC

Wikipedia preview

wiki en

Contents

Preparation

Chemical properties

Applications

Vesicle characterization with ³¹P-NMR

Precautions

References

External links

UpToDate Contents

English Journal

Japanese Journal

Related Links

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

「塩化マンガン」

「manganese chloride tetrahydrate」

「chloride」

Manganese(II) chloride
Anhydrous
Tetrahydrate
IUPAC name Manganese(II) chloride Manganese dichloride
Other names Manganous chloride
Identifiers
CAS number	7773-01-5^Y, 38639-72-4 (dihydrate), 13446-34-9 (tetrahydrate)
PubChem	24480
ChemSpider	22888^Y
UNII	6YB4901Y90^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1200693^N
RTECS number	OO9625000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES Cl[Mn]Cl
InChI InChI=1S/2ClH.Mn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2^Y Key: GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L^Y
Properties
Molecular formula	MnCl₂
Molar mass	125.844 g/mol (anhydrous) 161.874 g/mol (dihydrate) 197.91 g/mol (tetrahydrate)
Appearance	pink solid (tetrahydrate)
Density	2.977 g/cm³ (anhydrous) 2.27 g/cm³ (dihydrate) 2.01 g/cm³ (tetrahydrate)
Melting point	654 °C (anhydrous) dihydrate dehydrates at 135 °C tetrahydrate dehydrates at 58 °C
Boiling point	1225 °C
Solubility in water	63.4 g/100 ml (0 °C) 73.9 g/100 ml (20 °C) 88.5 g/100 ml (40 °C) 123.8 g/100 ml (100 °C)
Solubility	soluble in pyridine, ethanol insoluble in ether
Structure
Crystal structure	CdCl₂
Coordination geometry	octahedral
Hazards
EU Index	Not listed
NFPA 704	0 1 0
Flash point	Non-flammable
LD₅₀	250-275 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Other anions	Manganese(II) fluoride Manganese(II) bromide Manganese(II) iodide
Other cations	Manganese(III) chloride Technetium(IV) chloride Rhenium(III) chloride Rhenium(IV) chloride Rhenium(V) chloride Rhenium(VI) chloride
Related compounds	Chromium(II) chloride Iron(II) chloride
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

匿名

検索

案内

manganese chloride

WordNet

PrepTutorEJDIC

Wikipedia preview

wiki en

Contents

Preparation

Chemical properties

Applications

Vesicle characterization with 31P-NMR

Precautions

References

External links

UpToDate Contents

English Journal

Japanese Journal

Related Links

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

「塩化マンガン」

「manganese chloride tetrahydrate」

「chloride」

Vesicle characterization with ³¹P-NMR