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- a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
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- =sense organ / 受信装置
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/10 14:00:24」(JST)
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The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling.[1] In humans, there are eight LPL receptors, each encoded by a separate gene. These LPL receptor genes are also sometimes referred to as "Edg” (an acronym for endothelial differentiation gene).
Contents
- 1 Ligands
- 2 Origin of name
- 3 Function
- 4 Group members
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Ligands
The ligands for LPL-R group are the lysophospholipid extracellular signaling molecules, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).
Origin of name
The term lysophospholipid (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or the sn-2 position. The prefix 'lyso-' comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic, however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phospholipase A-type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidic acid, although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such as lysophosphatidic acid.
Function
LPL receptor ligands bind to and activate their cognate receptors located in the cell membrane. Depending on which ligand, receptor, and cell type is involved, the activated receptor can have a range of effects on the cell. These include primary effects of inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as secondary effects of preventing apoptosis and increasing cell proliferation.[2]
Group members
The following is a list of the eight known human LPL receptors:[1][3][4]
| Gene Symbol |
IUPHAR Symbol |
Gene / Protein Name |
Agonist Ligand |
Synonyms |
| LPAR1 |
LPA1 |
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 |
LPA |
EDG2 |
| LPAR2 |
LPA2 |
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 |
" |
EDG4 |
| LPAR3 |
LPA3 |
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 |
" |
EDG7 |
| LPAR4 |
LPA4 |
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 |
" |
GPR23 |
| LPAR5 |
LPA5 |
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 |
" |
GPR92 |
| LPAR6 |
LPA6 |
lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 |
" |
P2RY5 |
| S1PR1 |
S1P1 |
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 |
S1P |
EDG1 |
| S1PR2 |
S1P2 |
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 |
" |
EDG5 |
| S1PR3 |
S1P3 |
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 |
" |
EDG3 |
| S1PR4 |
S1P4 |
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 |
" |
EDG6 |
| S1PR5 |
S1P5 |
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 |
" |
EDG8 |
See also
References
- ^ a b Chun J, Goetzl EJ, Hla T, Igarashi Y, Lynch KR, Moolenaar W, Pyne S, Tigyi G (2002). "International Union of Pharmacology. XXXIV. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature". Pharmacol Rev 54 (2): 265–9. doi:10.1124/pr.54.2.265. PMID 12037142.
- ^ Meyer zu Heringdorf D, Jakobs KH (2007). "Lysophospholipid receptors: signalling, pharmacology and regulation by lysophospholipid metabolism". Biochim Biophys Acta 1768 (4): 923–40. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.026. PMID 17078925.
- ^ Choi JW, Herr DR, Noguchi K, Yung YC, Lee C-W, Mutoh T, Lin M-E, Teo ST, Park KE, Mosley AN, Chun J (January 2010). "LPA Receptors: Subtypes and Biological Actions". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 50 (1): 157–186. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105753. PMID 20055701.
- ^ Pasternack SM, von Kügelgen I, Aboud KA, Lee YA, Rüschendorf F, Voss K, Hillmer AM, Molderings GJ, Franz T, Ramirez A, Nürnberg P, Nöthen MM, Betz RC (March 2008). "G protein-coupled receptor P2Y5 and its ligand LPA are involved in maintenance of human hair growth". Nat. Genet. 40 (3): 329–34. doi:10.1038/ng.84. PMID 18297070.
External links
- "Lysophospholipid Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
- Lysophospholipid receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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Membrane proteins, receptors: cell surface receptors
|
|
| G protein-coupled receptor |
| Class A |
- Eicosanoid receptor (Prostaglandin receptor)
- Protease-activated receptor
- Neurotransmitter receptor
- Purinergic receptor
- Biogenic amine receptor
- Olfactory receptor
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|
| Class B |
|
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| Class C |
- Metabotropic glutamate receptor
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| Class D |
|
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| Class E |
|
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| Class F |
|
|
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| Ligand-gated ion channel |
|
|
| Enzyme-linked receptor |
- Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
- Receptor tyrosine kinase
- Guanylate cyclase
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| Other/ungrouped |
- Asialoglycoprotein receptor
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- Immunoglobulin superfamily
- N-Acetylglucosamine receptor
- Neuropilins
- Transferrin receptor
- EDAR
- Lipoprotein receptor-related protein
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|
- See also
- cell surface receptor deficiencies
B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors
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|
|
|
|
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Class B: Secretin like
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| Orphan |
- GPR (56
- 64
- 97
- 98
- 110
- 111
- 112
- 113
- 114
- 115
- 116
- 123
- 124
- 125
- 126
- 128
- 133
- 143
- 144
- 155
- 157)
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| Other |
- Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1
- 2
- 3)
- Cadherin (1
- 2
- 3)
- Calcitonin
- CALCRL
- CD97
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1
- 2)
- EMR (1
- 2
- 3)
- Glucagon (GR
- GIPR
- GLP1R
- GLP2R)
- Growth hormone releasing hormone
- PACAPR1
- GPR
- Latrophilin (1
- 2
- 3
- ELTD1)
- Methuselah-like proteins
- Parathyroid hormone (1
- 2)
- Secretin
- Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1
- 2)
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|
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Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone
|
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| Taste |
- TAS1R (1
- 2
- 3)
- TAS2R (1
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 13
- 14
- 16
- 19
- 20
- 30
- 31
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 45
- 46
- 50
- 60)
|
|
| Other |
- Calcium-sensing receptor
- GABA B (1
- 2)
- Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8))
- GPRC6A
- GPR (156
- 158
- 179)
- RAIG (1
- 2
- 3
- 4)
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Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened
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| Frizzled |
- Frizzled (1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10)
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| Smoothened |
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B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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Cell signaling: lipid signaling
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| Intracellular |
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Cell membrane
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Gq alpha subunit
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- Phosphoinositide phospholipase C
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Cytosol
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- Phospholipase
- Phospholipase A2
- Phospholipase C
- Phospholipase D
- IP3
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Other
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- Protein kinase B
- Diacylglycerol
- Protein kinase C
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| Extracellular lipid ligands |
- receptor: Lysophospholipid receptor
- S1PR1
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B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- It's a Lipid's World: Bioactive Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Neural Stem Cell Differentiation.
- Bieberich E.SourceInstitute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street Room CA4012, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA, ebieberich@georgiahealth.edu.
- Neurochemical research.Neurochem Res.2012 Jun;37(6):1208-29. Epub 2012 Jan 14.
- Lipids are often considered membrane components whose function is to embed proteins into cell membranes. In the last two decades, studies on brain lipids have unequivocally demonstrated that many lipids have critical cell signaling functions; they are called "bioactive lipids". Pioneering work in Dr
- PMID 22246226
- GPR34 is a receptor for lysophosphatidylserine with a fatty acid at the sn-2 position.
- Kitamura H, Makide K, Shuto A, Ikubo M, Inoue A, Suzuki K, Sato Y, Nakamura S, Otani Y, Ohwada T, Aoki J.SourceGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012.
- Journal of biochemistry.J Biochem.2012 May;151(5):511-8. Epub 2012 Feb 16.
- GPR34 is a G protein-coupled receptor belonging to the P2Y family. Here, we attempted to resolve conflicting reports about whether it is a functional lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) receptor. In HEK293 cells expressing human, mouse or rat GPR34 and Gα chimera between Gαq and Gαi1(Gq/i1), LysoPS q
- PMID 22343749
Japanese Journal
- Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in physiology and diseases
- Takuwaa Yoh,Okamoto Yasuo,Yoshioka Kazuaki,Takuwa Noriko
- BioFactors 38(5), 329-337, 2012-09
- … Notably, S1P often exhibits receptor subtype-specific, bimodal effects in these cellular actions. … These differential effects of S1P receptor subtypes on migration and proliferation lead to bimodal regulation of various biological responses. … An observed biological response is likely determined by an integrated outcome of the counteracting signals input by S1P receptor subtypes. …
- NAID 120004442396
- Stimulatory actions of lysophosphatidic acid on mouse ATDC5 chondroprogenitor cells.
- ITOH Ryota,MIURA Shigenori,TAKIMOTO Aki,KONDO Shunya,SANO Hiroko,HIRAKI Yuji
- Journal of bone and mineral metabolism 28(6), 659-671, 2010-11-30
- … In our current study, we found by in situ hybridization that E11.5 mouse embryos strongly expressed the LPA receptor subtype LPA(1) in cartilaginous bone primordia and the surrounding mesenchymal cells. … Undifferentiated and differentiated ATDC5 cells express LPA(1) and other lysophospholipid receptors including S1P receptor S1P(1) and S1P(2). …
- NAID 10027845925
Related Links
- The Lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. [1] In humans there are eight LPL receptors, each encoded by a ...
- Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Lysophospholipid Receptors [2,10]) are activated by the endogenous phospholipid metabolite LPA. The first receptor, LPA 1, was ...
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