loft

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. store in a loft
2. floor consisting of open space at the top of a house just below roof; often used for storage (同)attic, garret
3. a raised shelter in which pigeons are kept (同)pigeon loft
4. (golf) the backward slant on the head of some golf clubs that is designed to drive the ball high in the air
5. floor consisting of a large unpartitioned space over a factory or warehouse or other commercial space
6. kick or strike high in the air; "loft a ball"
7. lay out a full-scale working drawing of the lines of a vessels hull
8. propel through the air; "The rocket lofted the space shuttle into the air"
9. a gallery occupied by a church organ

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 屋根裏 / (馬屋の)干し草置き場 / (教会・講堂の)上階 / (クリケット・ゴルフで)〈ボール〉‘を'高く打ち上げる
2. (山・塔などが)『非常に高い』,そびえ立つ / (思想・目的・感情などが)高尚な,高潔な
3. 非常に高いこと / 高尚,高潔 / 高慢,尊大
4. (ゴルフ・クリケットで球が)高く打ち上げられた / (ゴルフクラブが)傾斜のついた
5. 見よ,そら

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/19 17:49:11」(JST)

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ロフトを使った住居兼スタジオの例

中二階と吹き抜けのあるロフトアパートメント

ロフト（Loft）とは、原義では建物の最上階または屋根裏にある部屋を指す。天井の下でなく直接屋根の下にあり、倉庫などに使われる。こうしたロフトを住居用に改造した（またはロフト風に新築された）、天井の高い空間（主にアトリエやスタジオなど、美術・音楽作品の制作に使用される）を備えた集合住宅は「ロフト・アパートメント」（loft apartment）と呼ばれる。

日本の賃貸物件などでは、天井を高くして中二階を設けて梯子などで昇降できるようにしたものを指す。

屋根裏部屋としてのロフト

ヘルシンキのカトリック教会のオルガン・ロフト

屋根の直下にある部屋や階は、寒暖の差があるため居住には使われず、めったに使わない物を置く倉庫として使われる。またこうした屋根裏や最上階が特殊な用途のために使われることもある。例えば教会の中の「クワイア・ロフト」（choir loft）と呼ばれる聖歌隊席や、オルガンを置くための「オルガン・ロフト」（organ loft）、一般住宅の「スリーピング・ロフト」（sleeping loft）と呼ばれる屋根裏の寝室、冬の間に独りで集中して作業する工芸品など工作の職人などはその一例である。

こうした物置などとしてのロフトは、「屋根裏部屋」のおおざっぱな同義語としても使われる。屋根裏とロフトの違いは、屋根裏は建物の一つの階全体に広がるのに対し、ロフトは建物の一室または少数の部屋の上にあり、物の上げ下ろしのために床の一方向または多方向が途切れており、下の部屋からの吹き抜けになっていることにある。納屋の屋根裏にある「ヘイ・ロフト」（hayloft）は、一年分の干し草を積んでおくために下の階の部屋より広く取っていることもある。

ロフト・アパートメント

シカゴのロフト・アパートメント

ニューヨークのトライベッカ地区、倉庫や工場などの上層階がロフト・アパートメントに転用された例

ニューヨークの「ミートパッキング・ディストリクト」

アメリカなどにおける「ロフト・アパートメント」（loft apartment、賃貸用）や「ロフト・コンドミニアム」（loft condominium、分譲用）は、かつて工場や倉庫などとして使われた建物を改造した集合住宅を指す。産業用の建物を賃貸や分譲用の集合住宅に改造することを、一般的に「ウェアハウス・トゥ・ロフト」（warehouse-to-loft）ということもある。路上に面した一階部分を商業用に、上層階をロフト形式の住宅にするような開発を単に「ロフトスタイル」（loft-style）と称することもある。

工場・倉庫では、もともと作業用に各階の天井高が高めに作られているため、住居としての改造に当たり一つの住区画の一部に中二階や階段を増設して居住空間を増やし、残りの天井の高い部分は作品制作のためのスタジオやアトリエ、あるいは吹き抜けの居間にされる。また工場・倉庫の時のままのレンガ壁やコンクリートの床をそのまま利用し、むき出しの状態であることを売りにされることもある。ロフト形式の集合住宅は、老朽化した工場街や倉庫街を再生して街の新しい「芸術地区」として売り出すにあたり、ギャラリーなどとともに古い建物の中に導入されることが多い。

荒廃した廃工場や廃倉庫のロフトは、安価で広く窓も大きく、明るい制作空間を必要とする芸術家などの間でもともと人気があったが、後に芸術家のようなボヘミアン的な暮らしにあこがれる豊かな若者もロフトに住むようになった。欧米の大都市の再開発では、工場などをロフトに改造して高所得者用の住宅として販売するジェントリフィケーションの手法は一般的なものとなっている。例えばニューヨークのソーホーは鋳鉄建築の工場街が転じて1950年代以降アトリエ街となった例であり、近年の例では、ハドソン川沿いの西14丁目以南にある精肉工場群が1990年代以降にブティックやクラブに変身した「ミートパッキング・ディストリクト」がある。同様の例は全米に見られる。

ロサンゼルス市が2001年に制定した「適応型再利用条例」（アダプティヴ・リユース・オーディナンス、Adaptive Reuse Ordinance）などのように、経済的に立ち行かなくなった産業施設やオフィスビルを用途変更し、ロフトのある高品質な住宅や芸術家住宅へ転換することを推進する条例や法律も全米各地で作られている。これは都市文化の振興や、より魅力的な都市へと移住しようとするクリエイティブ階層の人々を惹きつけ集積させることも目指してもいる。

高所得層におけるロフトの需要の高まりに対し、不動産開発業者が廃工場を高い費用をかけてロフト住宅へ再生するだけでなく、すでにジェントリフィケーションの進んだ地区にロフト物件のある高級コンドミニアムをわざわざ新築する場合すらある。完全新築のロフト風高級住宅は、廃工場・廃倉庫地区など経済的に沈滞した地区に住む危険なくしてロフトの持つ都市生活の楽しさを享受しようというものであるが、家賃の安い怪しげな地区に集まって住む本来のロフト生活の精神やボヘミアニズムからは離れたものとする批判もある。

その他のロフトの種類

倉庫とロフト

コマーシャル・ロフト

コマーシャル・ロフト（Commercial loft）は、17フィート（5.18m）以上の天井高のある建物で、部屋の一部に倉庫やオフィスとして使われる中二階を作っているものである。主な用途は工場などで、中二階は事務室などに使われる。

リギング・ロフト

リギング・ロフト（Rigging loft）は、造船所で帆船の索具（リギング）を取り付ける際、作業員が立つギャラリー（回廊）や足場などを指す。

セイル・ロフト

セイル・ロフト（Sail loft）は、帆布業者が帆を広げる時に使う大きな空間である。

脚注

関連項目

• 中二階
• メゾネット

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Loft (disambiguation).

A former warehouse for printing presses converted to a loft apartment on Chicago's Near West Side

A loft can be an upper storey or attic in a building, directly under the roof. Alternatively, a loft apartment refers to large adaptable open space, often converted for residential use (a converted loft) from some other use, often light industrial. Adding to the confusion, some converted lofts include upper open loft areas. Within certain upper loft areas exist even further lofts, which may contain loft areas of their own, and so forth.

Attic

An upper room or story in a building, mainly in a barn, directly under the roof, used either for storage (as in most private houses), for a specific purpose, e.g. an "organ loft" in a church, or to sleep in (sleeping loft). In this sense it is roughly synonymous with attic, the major difference being that an attic typically constitutes an entire floor of the building, while a loft covers only a few rooms, leaving one or more sides open to the lower floor. In barns a hayloft is often larger than the ground floor as it would contain a year's worth of hay.

An attic loft can often be converted to form functional living accommodation (see loft conversion).

Loft apartment

Warehouses converted into loft apartments in Hoxton, London, England, United Kingdom

Loft apartments are apartments that are generally built from former industrial buildings. When industrial developments are developed into condominiums instead of apartments, they may be called loft condominiums. The general term warehouse-to-loft conversions may sometimes be used for development of industrial buildings into apartments and condominiums. "Loft-style" may also refer simply to developments where a street-level business occupies the first floor while apartment "lofts" are placed above the first floor.

Sometimes, loft apartments are one component of municipal urban renewal initiatives that also include renovation of industrial buildings into art galleries and studio space as well as promotion of a new part of the city as an "arts district".

Originally popular with artists, they are now highly sought-after by other bohemians and hipsters, and the gentrification of the former manufacturing sectors of medium to large cities is now a familiar pattern. One such sector is Manhattan's Meatpacking District. The adoption of the Adaptive Reuse Ordinance (2001) in the City of Los Angeles (primarily the Arts District) is another example of such legislation to encourage the conversion of no longer economically viable industrial and commercial buildings to residential loft communities. Such is the demand for these spaces that real estate developers have taken to creating ready-made "lofts" in urban areas that are gentrifying or that seem primed to do so. While some of these units are created by developers during the renovation of old buildings, a number of them are included in the floor plans of brand new developments. Both types of pre-fab loft offer buyers or renters proximity to urban amenities afforded by traditional lofts, but without perceived safety risks of living in economically depressed formerly industrial areas.

Real estate industry distinguishes between "hard lofts", which are former industrial buildings converted to residential or live/work use, and "soft lofts", which are loft-style residential buildings built entirely anew as described above.

Other lofts

Commercial loft

A commercial loft refers to upper story space, usually in a commercial or industrial building with higher ceilings; a second story area for storage or offices above may be added within the original space used by a previous business occupant, effectively becoming a mezzanine area within the commercial loft space. Such adaptation of loft space, can result in better operating efficiencies for ongoing light industrial, commercial and work/live use.

Live/work loft

A Live/work loft is a residential unit located in a commercially zoned building that has either been issued a certificate of residential occupancy or meets specific criteria making it eligible for the protection of loft laws, which vary state by state. In New York State, a live/work loft must meet the following criteria:

1. The building was formerly used for manufacturing or commercial purposes;

2. The building has at least three units that were occupied residentially for 12 consecutive months during the window period from January 1, 2008 – December 31, 2009

3. The unit is at least 400SF with at least one window and can be accessed directly from a common area such as a hallway or the street; and

4. The unit has a certificate of occupancy (CO) or an application for Loft Law protection has been filed on or before March 14, 2014.

Loft Law was designed to protect artists and other entrepreneurs working from home. To qualify for the Loft Law protection, the unit must be primarily residential with the commercial purpose being clearly incidental to the residential use; utilizing no more than 49% of the total space; with no more than 3 employees; and be carried on by the actual occupant of the unit.

Historically, loft residents consisted of artists and other artisans taking advantage of cheap rents, large spaces and load-bearing floors. Loft residences were illegal and loft dwellers resided under commercial leases, forgoing basic residential rights such as hot water and sanitation. To relief their plight, many state legislatures enacted loft laws.

Mould loft

A long building at a shipyard with a considerable floor area on which the lines produced by a naval architect can be laid off in their full dimensions. After that the full-size drawings can be copied with the aid of wooden moulds to which, in turn, the steel frames or, in the case of wooden vessels, the hull moulds, are fashioned (see lofting).

Rigging loft

An elevated area or gallery in a shipyard where workers stand while fitting rigging.

Parachute loft

A large, open, high ceilinged space where parachute riggers re-pack parachutes into parachute containers.

Sail loft

A large open space used by sailmakers to spread out sails.

Church architecture

Some churches have a choir loft, where the singers stand or sit during services. Sometimes the church organ is located in a loft.

Pigeon loft

Loft conversions

It is fairly common to convert all or part of a home into a loft to create an extra room in order to prevent needing to move to a new house. The most common additions are an extra bedroom or study. The attic area of a building tends to be unused, but when converted can add a large amount of floor space.

Pigeon loft

Housing for domestic pigeons are often called Pigeon lofts. Pigeon lofts consist of a large cage or aviary and sometimes a nest box.

See also

• Fly system
• Loft bed
• Mezzanine
• Warehouse District

References

External links

• The dictionary definition of loft at Wiktionary

English Journal

• Intrafollicular Endocrine Milieu After Addition of hCG to Recombinant FSH During Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for In Vitro Fertilization.

• Thuesen LL, Andersen AN, Loft A, Smitz J.Author information The Fertility Clinic (L.L.T., A.N.A., A.L.), Section 4071, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; and Follicle Biology Laboratory (J.S.), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.AbstractContext: The role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) supplementation on the intrafollicular steroid milieu has been studied. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact on steroid levels in follicular fluids (FFs) after different doses of hCG supplementation to recombinant FSH for controlled ovarian stimulation. Setting: This was a prospective randomized dose-response study conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. Patients: From 62 in vitro fertilization patients, 334 FFs were selected for analyses. Interventions: Patients were treated using a GnRH agonist protocol with recombinant FSH 150 IU/d and randomized from stimulation day 1 to supplementation with hCG: D0, 0 IU/d; D50, 50 IU/d; D100, 100 IU/d; and D150, 150 IU/d. Main Outcome Measure: Intrafollicular hormone concentrations in relation to treatment groups, follicular sizes, and embryo quality were measured. Results: In large follicles, hCG supplementation induced a nearly 3-fold increase of estradiol (nanomoles per liter) [D0: 1496; D50: 3138; D100: 4338; D150: 4009 (P < .001)], a significant 3-fold increase of androstenedione, and a 5-fold increase of T (nanomoles per liter) [D0: 15; D50: 38; D100: 72; D150: 56 (P < .001)]. The estradiol to T ratio decreased significantly, with the lowest ratio in D100 and the highest in D0. Large follicles giving rise to good-quality embryos had significantly higher estradiol and progesterone levels and estradiol to T, estradiol to androstenedione, and progesterone to estradiol ratios, compared with small follicles, leading to poor-quality embryos. Conclusions: Increasing doses of hCG supplementation markedly stimulated the intrafollicular concentration of both estradiol and androgens, with a shift toward a more androgenic milieu. In large follicles with oocytes giving rise to good-quality embryos, the FFs were significantly more estrogenic than in small follicles with oocytes developing into poor quality embryos.
• The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.J Clin Endocrinol Metab.2014 Feb;99(2):517-26. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1528. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
• Context: The role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) supplementation on the intrafollicular steroid milieu has been studied. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact on steroid levels in follicular fluids (FFs) after different doses of hCG supplementation to recombinant FSH
• PMID 24297796

• Pulmonary exposure to particles from diesel exhaust, urban dust or single-walled carbon nanotubes and oxidatively damaged DNA and vascular function in apoE(-/-) mice.

• Vesterdal LK, Jantzen K, Sheykhzade M, Roursgaard M, Folkmann JK, Loft S, Møller P.Author information Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.AbstractThis study compared the oxidative stress level and vasomotor dysfunction after exposure to urban dust, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). DEP and SWCNT increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured endothelial cells and acellullarly, whereas the exposure to urban dust did not generate ROS. The apoE(-/-) mice, which were exposed twice to 0.5 mg/kg of the particles by intratracheal (i.t.) instillation, had unaltered acetylcholine-elicited vasorelaxation in aorta segments. There was unaltered pulmonary expression level of Vcam-1, Icam-1, Hmox-1 and Ogg1. The levels of oxidatively damaged DNA were unchanged in lung tissue. The exposure to SWCNT significantly increased the expression of Ccl-2 in the lung tissue of the mice. The exposure to DEP and SWCNT was associated with elevated ROS production in cultured cells, whereas i.t. instillation of the same particles had no effect on biomarkers of pulmonary oxidative stress and dilatory dysfunction in the aorta.
• Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Feb;8(1):61-71. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2012.750385. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
• This study compared the oxidative stress level and vasomotor dysfunction after exposure to urban dust, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). DEP and SWCNT increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured endothelial cells and acellullarly, whe
• PMID 23148895

• Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for optimized colon cancer staging and follow up.

• Engelmann BE, Loft A, Kjær A, Nielsen HJ, Berthelsen AK, Binderup T, Brinch K, Brünner N, Gerds TA, Høyer-Hansen G, Kristensen MH, Kurt EY, Latocha JE, Lindblom G, Sloth C, Højgaard L.Author information Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Næstved Hospital , Næstved , Denmark.AbstractAbstract Objectives. Optimal management of colon cancer (CC) requires detailed assessment of extent of disease. This study prospectively investigates the diagnostic accuracy of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging and detection of recurrence in primary CC. Material and methods. PET/CT for preoperative staging was performed in 66 prospectively included patients with primary CC. Diagnostic accuracy for PET/CT and CT was analyzed. In addition to routine follow up, 42 stages I-III CC patients had postoperative PET/CT examinations every 6 months for 2 years. Serological levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), carcinoembryonic antigen, and liberated domain I of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor were analyzed. Results. Accuracy for tumor, nodal, and metastases staging by PET/CT were 82% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70; 91), 66% (CI: 51; 78), and 89% (CI: 79; 96); for CT the accuracy was 77% (CI: 64; 87), 60% (CI: 46; 73), and 69% (CI: 57; 80). Cumulative relapse incidences for stages I-III CC at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were 7.1% (CI: 0; 15); 14.3% (CI: 4; 25); 19% (CI: 7; 31), and 21.4% (CI: 9; 34). PET/CT diagnosed all relapses detected during the first 2 years. High preoperative TIMP-1 levels were associated with significant hazards toward risk of recurrence and shorter overall survival. Conclusions. This study indicates PET/CT as a valuable tool for staging and follow up in CC. TIMP-1 provided prognostic information potentially useful in selection of patients for intensive follow up.
• Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.Scand J Gastroenterol.2014 Feb;49(2):191-201. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2013.863967. Epub 2013 Nov 29.
• Abstract Objectives. Optimal management of colon cancer (CC) requires detailed assessment of extent of disease. This study prospectively investigates the diagnostic accuracy of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging and detection of recu
• PMID 24286594

• Scaling dermatosis in three dogs associated with abnormal sebaceous gland differentiation.

• Peters-Kennedy J, Scott DW, Loft KE, Miller WH.Author information Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.AbstractBACKGROUND: Abnormal sebaceous gland differentiation, so-called 'sebaceous gland dysplasia', is a rare condition described in the dog and the cat. Although little is known about this condition, it is thought that a genetic defect causes abnormal sebaceous gland development. Clinically, this condition occurs in young cats and dogs and is characterized by variable degrees of adherent scale, hair casts, poor coat quality and hypotrichosis.
• Veterinary dermatology.Vet Dermatol.2014 Feb;25(1):23-e8. doi: 10.1111/vde.12098. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
• BACKGROUND: Abnormal sebaceous gland differentiation, so-called 'sebaceous gland dysplasia', is a rare condition described in the dog and the cat. Although little is known about this condition, it is thought that a genetic defect causes abnormal sebaceous gland development. Clinically, this conditio
• PMID 24341629

Japanese Journal

• Report from Loft : What's Going On?(Vol.23)ココルーム代表 上田假奈代(かなよ)

• 創 47(6), 114-117, 2017-07
• NAID 40021235494

• 英米会社法関連判決集 : Guth v. Loft Inc., 5 A.2d 503(Del. S.Ct., 1939)

• 青山法学論集 59(1), 255-275, 2017-06
• NAID 120006324288

• Report from Loft : What's Going On?(Vol.22)標的の島 : 風(かじ)かたか 三上智恵監督

• 創 47(4), 114-117, 2017-04
• NAID 40021126144

• Implementation of the KONAN Language LOFT : A Self-Access Center with Dual Functions at Konan University

• 甲南大学教育学習支援センター紀要 = Memoirs of Learning Utility Center for Konan University Students (2), 51-79, 2017-03-22
• NAID 120006246601

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