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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/07 00:24:55」(JST)

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Lipotropin is a hormone produced by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). The anterior pituitary gland produces the pro-hormone POMC, which is then cleaved again to form adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-lipotropin (β-LPH).

β-Lipotropin

β-Lipotropin is a 90-amino acid polypeptide that is the carboxy-terminal fragment of POMC.

It stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin, and can also be cleaved into smaller peptides. In humans, γ-lipotropin, β-MSH, and β-endorphin, are all possible fragments of β-lipotropin.^[1]

β-Lipotropin also performs lipid-mobilizing functions such as lipolysis and steroidogenesis. β-Lipotropin is the predominant opioid of the anterior human and rat pituitary gland. It is found in essentially equimolar concentrations to that of corticotropin. Evidence shows that β-Lipotropin is metabolized into endorphins that can greatly affect mood and behavior and is thus regarded as a prohormone.^[2]

γ-Lipotropin

γ-lipotropin is the amino-terminal peptide fragment of β-lipotropin. In humans, it has 56 amino acids. Gamma lipotropin is identical to the first 56 amino acid sequences of β-lipotropin. It can be cleaved to β-melanocyte stimulating hormone.

Use in sport

Lipotropin has also, under its alternate name AOD-9604 (Anti-Obesity Drug-9604),^[3] been connected with controversies in Australian Rules Football. Allegations have arisen around the use of the drug and its administration to players of the Essendon Football Club as a supplement, including weekly administration to players in the 2012 season. The matters are currently under investigation due to the relationship between Lipotropin and growth hormones, as noted by club medical staff.^[4]

References

^ Joachim Spiess, Charles D. Mount, Wendell E. Nicholson, David N. Orth (1982), "NH2-Terminal amino acid sequence and peptide mapping of purified human β-lipotropin: Comparison with previously proposed sequences", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (16): 5071–5, Bibcode:1982PNAS...79.5071S, doi:10.1073/pnas.79.16.5071, PMC 346829, PMID 6956916 |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Lazarus, L H; Ling, Guillemin (June 1, 1976). "beta-Lipotropin as a prohormone for the morphinomimetic peptides endorphins and enkephalins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America PNAS, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 73 (6): 2156–2159. doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.2156.
^ Peptides Direct information page, accessed 26 August 2013
^ AFL Statement of Charges against James Hird and Essendon Football Club, accessed 26 August 2013 [1]

External links

beta-Lipotropin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
gamma-Lipotropin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. ACTH、CRH、および他の視床下部／下垂体ペプチドの測定 measurement of acth crh and other hypothalamic and pituitary peptides

English Journal

Complex structural and regulatory evolution of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene family.

Harris RM, Dijkstra PD, Hofmann HA.SourceDepartment of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
General and comparative endocrinology.Gen Comp Endocrinol.2013 Nov 1;195C:107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.10.007. [Epub ahead of print]
The melanocortin system is a neuroendocrine machinery that has been associated with phenotypic diversification in a number of vertebrate lineages. Central to the highly pleiotropic melanocortin system is the pro-opiomelanocortin (pomc) gene family, a family of pre-prohormones that each give rise to
PMID 24188887

Effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone on proopiomelanocortin derivatives and monocytic HLA-DR expression in patients with septic shock.

Matejec R, Kayser F, Schmal F, Uhle F, Bödeker RH, Maxeiner H, Kolbe JA.SourceDepartment of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 7, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. reginald.matejec@chiru.med.uni-giessen.de
Peptides.Peptides.2013 Sep;47:133-41. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
Little is known about interactions between immune and neuro-endocrine systems in patients with septic shock. We therefore evaluated whether the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and/or proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives [ACTH, β-endorphin (β-END), β-lipotropin (β-LPH), α-melanocyte stim
PMID 23891702

Involvement of human peroxisomes in biosynthesis and signaling of steroid and Peptide hormones.

Weinhofer I, Kunze M, Forss-Petter S, Berger J.SourceCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria, isabelle.weinhofer@meduniwien.ac.at.
Sub-cellular biochemistry.Subcell Biochem.2013;69:101-10. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_6.
Although peroxisomes exert essential biological functions, cell type-specific features of this important organelle are still only superficially characterized. An intriguing new aspect of peroxisomal function was recently uncovered by the observation that the peptide hormones β-lipotropin (β-LPH) a
PMID 23821145